286 
NEW PUBLICATIONS. 
A New Flora of Northumberland and Durham, with Sketches of its 
Climate and Physical Geography. By J. G. Baker, F.L.S., and G. 
R. Tate, M.D. With a Sketch of the Geology, by G. Tate, F.G.S. 
London and Neweastle, 1868. Pp. 316. 
It is thirty-seven years since the publication of Winch’s Flora of 
this part of England, and the want of an account of its vegetation 
more in accordance with recent views of. classification and phyto- 
geography has been felt for some time. This want is satisfied by the 
book before us. 
The * New Flora’ forms vol. ii. of * Natural History Transactions of 
Northumberland and Durham ;’ it consists of two parts, an introduc- 
tory portion containing a short account of the geology, climate, and 
physical geography of the district ; and a second part, the flora proper, 
or systematic catalogue of the species. 
In the first chapter Mr. Tate gives a brief but excellent view of the 
geology of the two most northern counties of England, with special 
reference to their vegetation; and in a supplement to it, Mr. Baker 
examines the botanical aspect of the subject in more detail. The 
latter adopts M. Thurmann’s views of the relations existing between 
the subjacent strata and the flora, and uses his terms. As these are 
not generally familiar to British botanists, it is to be wished that Mr. 
Baker had explained more fully and with greater exactness the signifi- 
cations of hygrophilous and xerophilous species, and their connection 
with eugeogenous and dysgeogenous strata, On p. 40 is given a list 
of forty-four plants which are xerophilous in Northumberland and 
Durham ; of these, twelve are found in M. Thurmann’s general lists 
of “ xérophiles ” of central Europe. The list on p. 40 does not seem 
quite to agree with the body of the work, five plants included in it 
are not given as xerophilous in the text, and one is mentioned there 
which does not occur in the list. Mr. Baker also makes a remark. 
which is scarcely borne out by the facts given in the Flora; he says 
(p. 43), “the species which are restricted to dysgeogenous tracts (in 
central Europe) ... with us ... are restricted lithologically in a 
