S Mr. H. Seebolim on the 



1793; but the information recorded by these travellers is 

 very meagre, and their determination of species not very 

 reliable. In 1825 Eichwald visited the Caucasus; but in 

 Bogdanow's opinion his ornithological work is of no value 

 whatever. Menetries was the first naturalist whose con- 

 tributions to the ornithology of the Caucasus, founded upon 

 his journey in 1829-30, were of great importance. In 1830 

 Eversmann was in the Caucasus — but was obliged to leave 

 before he had made many observations, in consequence of an 

 outbreak of cholera. Ornithological observations of some 

 value were made in 1835-37 by Krinitzky ; but, in conse- 

 quence of his death in the Caucasus, the results of his journey 

 were published by Kaleniczenko. In 1836 Nordmann visited 

 the Caucasus, and in 1843 Kolenati; but the observations of 

 the latter are of little value. In 1862 Filippi made some im- 

 portant observations in the Caucasus on his way to Persia : 

 and since 1863 Radde has been engaged in forming a collec- 

 tion of the birds of the Caucasus in Tiflis; but his long- 

 promised work on the subject has not yet appeared. In 1871 

 Bogdanow himself went to the Caucasus ; in 1875 his labours 

 were supplemented by Kessler : and in 1878 important addi- 

 tions to and confirmations of previous observations were made 

 by Michailovsky, a zealous young ornithologist, whose ac- 

 quaintance I had the pleasure of making in St. Petersburg 

 last spring. It is much to be regretted that Bogdanow's excel- 

 lent book is not written in a language in which it would be 

 accessible to most ornithologists. Such a careful work, and 

 such an exhaustive treatment of the subject, would serve as an 

 excellent model for some of our more superficial writers. 



Gypaetus barbatus. 



This bird is a not uncommon resident throughout the 

 Caucasus above the limit of forest-growth. A female, 

 caught in a fox-trap early in January, contained an egg 

 nearly developed. 



VULTUR MONACHUS. 



The Black Vulture is rare throughout the mountains above 

 the limit of forest-growth, descending into the plains in 

 autumn. 



