Birds of the Caucasus. 13 



Merula torquata. 



The Ring-Ousel breeds in the rhododendron-region, and 

 almost up to the snow-line. 



MONTICOLA SAXATILIS. 



The Rock-Thrush is very rare in the Caucasus. 



MONTICOLA CYANUS. 



The Blue Rock-Thrush is found in the rocky districts. 



CiNCLUS CASHMIRIENSIS. 



The Dipper from the C^aucasus appears to me to be Cinclus 

 cashmiriensis of Gould. The head, nape, and upper back 

 are sooty brown, shading into nearly black on the rest of the 

 upper parts, where each feather has a paler and greyer sub- 

 marginal band. The white throat somewhat suddenly shades 

 into brown in the centre of the breast, and below the breast 

 into very dark brown. 



In the Caucasus this Dipper is common on the mountain- 

 streams as high as the steppes. 



Oriolus galbula. 



The Golden Oriole is common below the forest-line, 



Muscicapa grisola. 



The Spotted Flycatcher is very common up to the rhodo- 

 dendron-region. 



Muscicapa atricapilla. 



The Pied Flycatcher is local in the Caucasus. 



Muscicapa collaris. 



The White-collared Flycatcher is doubtfully recorded from 

 the Caucasus. 



Muscicapa parva. 



The Red-breasted Flycatcher is found throughout the Cau- 

 casus up to 6000 feet. 



Lanius collurio. 



The Red-backed Shrike is very common in the Caucasus 

 up to 5000 feet. 



Lanius rufus. 



The Wood chat- Shrike is very common on the shores of the 

 Black Sea in the region of the Caucasus. 



