26 Mr. H. Seebohm on the 



refers to P. arenarius. The western form is confounded with 

 this species by Dresser ; but Bogdanow (Bull. Ac. Imp. Sci. 

 St. Petersb. xi. p. 51_, 1880) shows that the two forms are 

 fairly separable, the Spanish and African birds having the 

 subterminal bands of the wing-coverts yellow instead of white. 

 Bogdanow falls into the error of giving a new name to the 

 eastern bird^ which he calls P. sewerzowi. Linnaeus, how- 

 ever, distinctly describes P. alchata as having " tectrices 

 ferrugiuese margine albse ;'^ so that his name must stand for 

 the eastern bird. I propose to call the western bird Pterocles 

 pyrenaicus, a name originally given to it by Brisson. 



Pterocles arenarius. 



The Black-bellied Sand-Grouse is also said to be occa- 

 sionally found on the steppes. 



Tetrao mlokosiewiczi. 



The Georgian Black Grouse is found throughout the Cau- 

 casus in the upper pine- region and in the birch- and rhodo- 

 dendron-regions. In summer it feeds on the berries of the 

 rhododendron, and in winter on the birch-buds and pine- 

 needles. They pair early in May, at which time Nordmann 

 (who, however, did not distinguish the species from the 

 Common Black Grouse) describes their peculiar note as a 

 kind of singing murmur. The best time to secure them is at 

 sunrise, when, leaving the pine-forests in which they roost, 

 they cross the narrow belt of birch and willow and retire to 

 the "tundra" to feed. The Caucasian tundras above the 

 limit of forest-growth possess an alpine flora ; and the last 

 trace of trees appears to be a dwarf rhododendron, which 

 creeps along the ground almost like the creeping birch of the 

 Norwegian fjelds and Siberian tundras. 



Perdix cinerea. 



The Partridge is common in the Caucasus, especially on 

 the steppes. 



Perdix chukar. 



The Chukar Partridge is common from the steppes down 

 to the sea-shore. 



