62 Mr. N. A. Severtzow on the 



in the interior of the Pamir ; but in the latter region 0. elwesi 

 predominates^ which is very rare in the Alai steppe. It is a 

 mountain species^ and was found by Hemprich and Ehren- 

 berg on the mountains of Lebanon, and more lately has been 

 observed and obtained by many travellers near Erzeroum and 

 beyond the Caucasus. I saw this bird in all parts of the Tian- 

 shan, Alai, and the Pamir; and the members of the Forsyth 

 mission collected it in Western Tibet. 



38. Anthus contelli"^, Audouin. 



This eastern representative of the Water-Pipit, A. spino- 

 letta, differs from that species in very constant though (as 

 in the whole genus) not very considerable characters, which 

 I have verified by examination of a very large series of Central- 

 Asiatic specimens. 



I give here comparative diagnoses of the two species : — 



Breeding -Plumage. 



A. contelli. A. spinoletta. 



Superciliary streak light rufous. Superciliary streak white. 



Ahdomen and lower tail -coverts Abdomen and lower tail-coverts 



rufous, only somewhat lighter than white, 

 the breast. 



Breast pure rufous, inclining to Breast rufous, inclining to a violet 



fulvous. tinge. 



Crown rufous grey. Crown pure grey. 



Outer rectrices with cuneiform Outer rectriees with cuneiform 



markings pale fulvous. markings pure white. 



Feet black. Feet brown. 



Winter Plumage. 



Characterized only by large shaft- As in A. con/elli, but the ground- 

 streaks on the breast and flanks, colour of the breast much paler than 

 tlie lower parts otherwise as in in breeding-plumage, being very pale 

 breeding-plumage. fulvous, the throat, abdomen, and 



lower tail-coverts pure white. 

 The whole throat unspotted ful- Chin and throat white, the former 

 vous. unspotted, the latter with dark 



shaft-streaks. 



* [Mr. Seebohm assures us that this Pipit is undoubtedly the A. hla- 

 histoni of Swinhoe, of which A. nef/lectus of Brooks is a synonym. A. 

 contelli of Audouin is probably =A. spinoletta, Linn. — Edd.] 



