of the Ethiopian Region. 441 



although strongly striped beneath, is less yellow and has a 

 somewhat greyer appearance. To the north of the Quanza, 

 in Angola, the range of D. cardinalis appears to terminate on 

 the west coast, as the specimens examined belong to the 

 pale eastern form, D. zanzibari of Malherbe. The latter 

 appears to me to be a tolerably well-defined subspecies or race, 

 distinguished by its slightly smaller size, yellower under 

 surface with very narrow striations, as well as by the olive 

 shading on the nape, which is never so black as in D. cardi- 

 nalis. I have examined specimens of D. zanzibari from 

 various localities between Mombas and the Zambesi, and in 

 every case the above-mentioned characters held good, except 

 in one specimen from Ugogo in Capt. Shelley^s collection, 

 which exhibited a slight affinity towards D. zanzibari, hut at 

 the same time was really nearer to the true D. cardinalis. 



The so-called D. hartlaubi I take to be nothing but the 

 adult of D. cardinalis with the red colour of the rump strongly 

 developed with age. In extremely old birds the sincipital 

 feathers become lighter on their tips and present a spotted 

 appearance. 



There can be no doubt that the oldest name of this species 

 is yuineensis of Scopoli, founded on Sonnerat^s plate quoted 

 above; but the name is so misleading that I have used in 

 preference that of cardinalis, which has also the merit of 

 being better known. 



10. Dendropicus zanzibari. 



Dendropicus zanzibari, Malh. Monogr. Picid. i. p. 201 

 (1861) ; Gurney, Ibis, 1882, p. 73 ; Ilargitt, toni. cit. p. 73 

 (note). 



Dendropicus hartlaubi (pt.), Malh. Monogr. Picid. i. p. 201 

 (18G1) ; Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1869, p. 569. 



Dendrobates hartlaubii. Kirk, Ibis, 1864, p. 328; Bocage, 

 Orn. Aug., App. p. 535 (1881). 



Dendrobates cardinalis, Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1871, p. 135 ; 

 Bocage, Orn. Ang. 1877, p. 7Q. 



Picas hartlaubi, Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1873, p. 711. 



Ipoctonus hartlaubi, Cabanis, J. f, O. 1878, p. 238. 



