18 Mr. W. A. Forbes on the late Professor Garrod's 



This muscle^ arising in the interior of the pelvis^ is inserted 

 proximad of the obturator externus on the head of the femur. 

 In most birds its shape, as seen in the pelvis, is more or less 

 oval ; but in some, as in the Gallinee and Rails, it is distinctly 

 triangular. Both its character and the presence or absence 

 of a bicipital slip are recorded in the majority of the Avian 

 families, in the table already mentioned in the account of the 

 expansor secundariorum. 



Besides these, a few other myological peculiarities insisted 

 on by Prof. Garrod in various papers may here be named, 

 such as the presence of an additional secondary femoro-caudal 

 muscle in Apteryx, and the presence in it, as well as in the 

 other ^' Struthious •'^ birds and the Crypturi, of a muscular 

 slip to the accessory femoro-caudal above the exit of the sciatic 

 nerve and artery^; the occasional complete absence of the 

 semimembranosus in some of the Grebes t; and the double 

 condition of the great pectoral muscle in the Storks, Stega- 

 nopodes. Petrels, and their allies J. 



VIII. The Conformation of the Trachea and Syrinx. 

 The curious contortions of the trachea, and other peculi- 

 arities of its structure, in various birds, such as the Cranes, 

 Spoonbill, and Ducks, have long been known to ornitholo- 

 gists; and, as far as concerns this portion of the subject. 

 Prof. Garrod^s notes on these structures in various forms § are 

 simply confirmations of, or additions to, our previous know- 

 ledge of the subject. But, so far as I am aware, little or no 

 attention had ever previously been paid to the details of modi- 

 fication in the cartilaginous or ossified tracheal and bronchial 



V * p. Z. S. 1873, pp. 643, G44, fig. G. 

 ' t P. Z. S. 1873, p. G29, 642. 



X P.Z. S. 1874, p. 120, and 1876, p. 340. 



V § " On the Form of tlie Lower Larynx in certain Species of Ducks," 

 P. Z. S. 1875, pp. 151-156 (tlie species described are SarcicUornis mela- 

 nonotn, TJiodonessa cnnjojihijUacea, and 3Ietopiana peposacn) '; " On the 

 Form of the Trachea in certain Species of Storks and Spoonbills," P. Z. S. 

 1875, pp. 297-301 {Tantalus ibis and Plataka ajaja); "On the Trachea 

 of Tantalus lociilator and of VancUus cai/ennensis," P. Z. S, 1878, pp. 025- 

 629. 



