Recently published Ornithological Works. 475 



lower jaws. The existence of " teeth ^^ in young Parrots had 

 ah'eady been affirmed by Geoffroy St.-Hilaire in Paleeornis ; 

 so that his statements are now confirmed by these later re- 

 searches. Unfortunately, no detailed account of the struc- 

 ture of these papillae has yet appeared ; so that it is difficult 

 at present to say to what extent they merit being called teeth. 

 The figure given reminds one most perhaps of the similar 

 tooth-like processes of Phytotoma. Another interesting ob- 

 servation of Dr. Braun's is the fact that most (though not all) 

 of the embryos and newly-hatched birds, have three toes di- 

 rected forwards, as in most birds. The same fact is stated 

 by Neubert, as quoted by Braun, to be the case in the 

 Cuckoo. These facts would show that the " zygodactylism " 

 of these birds is a very recently acquired feature — a view 

 strengthened by the fact, as discovered by Prof. Garrod [vide 

 supra, p. 15), that in these groups, as in the Musophagidse, the 

 distribution of the deep plantar tendons conforms to that 

 found in the ordinary types of birds, and is quite different from 

 that existing in the Picidse, Bucconidse, and other "scansorial" 

 f birds. 



58. Bulletin of the Nuttall Ornithological Club, vol. vi. 

 nos. 1 & 2. 



[Bulletin of the Nuttall Ornithological Club : a quarterly Journal of 

 Ornithology, vol. vi. January, 1881, no. 1, and April 188J , no. 2. Cam- 

 bridge, Mass.] 



Besides articles of more special interest to American or- 

 nithologists, we notice in these two numbers : — a new form of 

 Whip-poor- Will from Arizona, described by Mr. Brewster as 

 Antrostomus vociferus arizo7ice ; a supposed new Shearwater 

 [Puffinus borealis), described by Mr. Cory from specimens 

 killed near Cape Cod; and a new Polioptila [P. calif ornica) , 

 founded by Mr. Brewster on the western form of P.plumbea, 

 of which he shows P. melanura, Lawrence, to be the adult. 

 Mr. Brewster also fully describes a Petrel new to North 

 America, which seems to be the Procellaria gularis of Peale 

 (U.S. Expl. Exp. p. 299) . Dr. Coues has referred this obscure 

 species to (Estrelata mollis; but the specimen described by 



