1893.] 



MICKOSCOPICAL JOURNAL. 



hand, are wholly northern and others are wholly southern. Of 

 the various orders of insects the grasshoppers and their like were 

 among the first to appear, but the earliest insects are by no means 

 the earliest class of animals ; in fact, most of the other classes, ex- 

 cept the higher vertebrates, had been in existence many ages be- 

 fore any insects appeared, the earliest insect lemains being car- 

 boniferous. 



Collateral Reading. 



Brooks. Invertebrate Zoology, p. 237. 



Howes. Atlas of Biology. 



Huxley. Anatomy of Invertebrata, p. 342. 



McLauchlan. Insects. Encyc. Britt., XIII, p. i^i. 



McLauchlan. Locust. Encyc. Britt, XIV, p. 765. 



Osborn. Invertebrate Dissections, p. 33. 



Packard. Zoology, p. 307. 



Packard. Entomology for Beginners. 



Packard. Guide to the Study of Insects. 



Avery little observation will suffice to show any one that grass- 

 hoppers are not all alike, and that there are many animals not truly 

 grasshoppers which are still much like them, as the katydid and 

 cricket, and others which are like them in a more general way as 

 insects. In other words, there are degfrees of resemblance. 



Explanation of the Plate. 



1. Right side view of adult grasshopper 



{(Edipoc/a Carolina), right wings re- 

 moved. 



2. Front view of head of the same. 



3. Enlarged side view of meso-meta-thorax 



to show the spiracles; the origin of 

 the wings and legs and the ear. 



4. View of the interior of metathoracic 



femur, showing the large extensor 

 and smaller flux or muscles and their 

 tendons. 



5. Diagram of the internal anatomy of a 



grasshopper; 



6. One ovarial tube and contained ova 



(x 30 diam.) 



7. Spermatozoa. 



Mouth-parts of GLdipoda Carolina, 

 from nature. 



Larva of grasshopper, wings not yet de- 

 veloped. 



Side view of cricket {Gryllus abbrevia- 

 lus), right wings removed, showing 

 rudimentary posterior wing and large 

 anterior wing cover. 



Cabbage-butterfly (Coleas phyllodice), 

 right wings removed. 



May-beetle {Lachnosierna /usca) , right 

 wings removed, showing left wing 

 cover and hind wing half folded. 



Horse-fly {Tabaiius e.rul), right side, 

 right wing removed. 



Wasp {Polisies inetricus) . 



.A.11 the drawings are taken directly from nature, except 5 and g, which are adapted after 

 Pcpakra. 



Detection of Crime, Murder. — A murderer, on whose axe 

 marks of blood had been found, stated that he had killed a goat 

 with it shortly before his arrest. As a matter of fact, human 

 blood corpuscles were found on the axe. It was proved by 

 means of authentic goat's blood that had been photographed for 

 comparison with photographs of human blood that the axe was 

 not stained with goat's blood. 



By photography it was also shown that the axe had been wiped 

 after the deed, a fact which the accused denied. The magnified 

 image revealed streaks caused by wiping from top to bottom and 

 small spots that could not be seen with the naked eye. 



