18 THE AMERICAN MONTHLY [January, 



Exp. 2 — a. Yeast in Pasteur's fluid was well developed, as 

 many as nine cells being found in one colony. (Fig. 6.) 



Exp. 2 — b. In Pasteur's fluid without sugar, for the most part 

 undeveloped, some with one or even two buds. (Fig. y.j 



Exp. 2 — c. In water and sugar as many as four cells in one 

 colony, though some were not budded at all. (Fig. 8.) 



Exp. 2 — d. In water, very few were found to be budded at all, 

 though some had a single bud. (Fig. 9.) 



The third series of experiments was for the purpose of deter- 

 mining the effect of light and heat. All in Pasteur's fluid. 



Exp. 3 — a. In laboratory, 34 hours in light, about iS° C, the 

 yeast had grown well, as high as six cells being found in one 

 colony. (Fig. 10.) 



Exp. 3 — b. In Eadies' Hall, 24 hours in light, probably about 

 the same temperature, scarcely any difference was to be seen from 

 above, though none quite so highly developed. 



Exp. 3— c. In Ladies' Hall, same conditions as above, except 

 in the dark, was fully as well developed. 



Exp. 3 — d. In oven 4 hours at 40° C, without light, the cells 

 had not budded so well ; some, however, having two buds. 



Exp. 3 — e. In light, at 0° C, very few cells were budded, and 

 those had only a single bud. 



The fourth series of experiments were with a view to establish- 

 ing the injuriousness of certain ingredients, as mercuric chloride, 

 and it was added in different quantities. Pasteur's fluid was 

 used ; time, 22 hours ; temperature, iS° C. 



Exp. 4 — a. In Pasteur's fluid with no mercuric chloride, as 

 high as nine cells together. (Fig. 11.) 



Exp, 4 — b. In Pasteur with i : 10,000 HgClg, a number of 

 cells had two buds, while most were undeveloped. (Fig. 12.) 



Exp. 4 — c. With I : 1000 of HgClg, a small number of cells 

 had a single bud. (Fig. 13.) 



Exp. 4 — d. With I : 100 of HgClj, scarcely a budded cell was 

 to be seen. (Fig. 14.) 



From these experiments we conclude that the method of repro- 

 duction is by a system of budding ; that light is not essential, and 

 that the most favorable temperature is considerably above 0° and 

 below 40° C ; also that certain chemical substances are favorable, 

 while others are deleterious to growth. 



Biological Laboratory, 



Hamline University, Dec. 18^ i8g2. 



Arranged Butterfly Scales. — When we were in Paris, last 

 summer, Mr. George Clifford, who is a microscopist and one of 

 the most genial Englishmen in that city, presented us with a 

 slide representing a rooster, a hen, and five chickens, made by 

 arranging butterfly scales. The slide is the work of Mr. H. 

 Dalton, of Palis, and has already occasioned much admiration in 

 Washington. — C. W. S. 



