189S.] MiOROSCOPiCAL JOURNAL. U 



are not usually admitted to this hospital, but are sent to special 

 hospitals. Some cases of cholerine (so called) were in the hospi- 

 tal, and I saw in an English paper a statement that one hundred 

 cases of cholerine (or cholera) had been admitted to Hotel Dieu 

 the day wc left Paris. I am unable to state of my own knowledge 

 whether any of the cases of cholerine were really Asiatic cholera 

 or not, but I saw in the morgue of the Hotel Dieu several bodies, 

 of patients who had died from this disease. 



Hotel Dieu has a very large number of patients attending daily 

 for the purpose of being operated upon and prescribed for, and 

 these clinics are truly immense. The most famous surgeons of 

 Paris are numbered among the hospital stafl". Those on service 

 at the present time are Lancerreux, Tillant,Verneil, Panas, Proust, 

 Corneil, Brequoy, Labbe. Dr. Henri Hartman, whom I met for 

 the first time on August 25, 1893, is also one of the surgeons of 

 the hospital of Hotel Dieu, and to him I am indebted for many 

 courtesies during my stay in Paris. 



He invited me to meet him at the Hospital Tenon on the fol- 

 lowing day, August 26, 1S92. Hospital Tenon is a new hos- 

 pital, containing about one thousand beds, and in point of 

 cleanliness and ventilation was in an admirable condition. I ex- 

 amined with great interest the lying-in wards, and found the 

 most perfect arrangements for antiseptics in them. From 60 to 

 So confinements take place there per month, and since the intro- 

 duction of strict asepsis the mortality from childbirth has been 

 so greatly reduced as to be almost nominal. 



The management of all the Paris hospitals is entirely vested in 

 a Council of Administration, who make the appointments of 

 surgeons and directors of the hospitals. All the subordinate 

 positions, such as internes (or what we call resident physicians 

 or students), are filled by concours, or competitive examinations. 

 This same system is applied to the promotion of nurses and 

 other employees of the hospital. At the last concours, out of 

 627 candidates for the position of interne, only 56 appomtments 

 were made. 



The course of study for a student of medicine in Paris extends 

 over a period of five years, and the college fees amount to 

 almost eight hundred dollars per year. 



Bacteriological laboratories are found in nearly all the Paris 

 hospitals, and the internes or resident students are evidently 

 familiar with their use, and are in every respect a high class of 

 men. They are thoroughly competent in the performance of 

 their duties, and in the absence of the senior surgeons are almost 

 daily called upon to perform many of the gravest operations of 

 surgery. 



August 26 and 27, 1S92, I visited, with Dr. Henri Hartman, 

 the Hospital Bichat, and there found what I considered to be 

 an ideal hospital. Hospital Bichat is small, consisting of only 

 two wards, one for males and the other for females, and each 



