1896.] MICROSCOPICAL JOURNAL 12? 



of Pasteur has been practiced on a large scale in France, 

 Austria, Russia, and Switzerland. 



The results of anthrax inoculations made in France by 

 Pasteur's method during twelve years were summarized 

 by Chamberland in 1894. The veterinarians who made 

 the inoculations were each year called upon to answer 

 the following questions : 1. Number of animals inocu- 

 lated. 2. Number of deaths from first inoculation. 3. 

 Number of animals dying within twelve days after the 

 second inoculation. 4. Number of animals dying of an- 

 thrax within a year after protective inoculations. 5. 

 The yearly average loss before inocculations were prac- 

 ticed. The total number of animals inoculated during 

 the period to which this report refers was 1,788,677 sheep 

 and 200,962 cattle. The average annual loss before these 

 protective inoculations were practiced is said to have 

 been about ten per cent for sheep and five per cent for 

 cattle. The total mortality from this disease among in- 

 oculated animals, including that resulting from the inoc- 

 ulations, was 0.94 per cent for sheep and 0.34 per cent 

 for cattle. Chamberland estimates that the total saving 

 as a result of the inoculations practiced has been five 

 million francs for sheep and two million francs for cattle, 



Podmolinoif gives the following summary of results ob- 

 tained in 1892 and 1893 in the government of Kherson 

 (Russia) : Number of sheep inoculated, 67,176 ; loss, 

 294=0-43 per cent. Number of horses inoculated, 1,452; 

 loss 8. Number of cattle inoculated, 3,652 ; loss 2. The 

 conclusion is reached that Pasteur's method of inocula- 

 tion afi'ords an immunity against infection with virulent 

 anthrax bacilli in greater amounts than could ever occur 

 under natural conditions. 



Another disease in which inocculations have been prac- 

 ticed on a large scale is erysipelas of swine {Rouget of 

 French authors), which prevails extensively in France and 



