128 THE AMERICAN MONTHLY [April 



other parts of Europe. Pasteur's first studies relating to 

 the aetiology of i-ouget were made in collaboration with 

 Chamberland, Roux, and Thuillier in 1882. Pasteur found 

 that the virulence of his cultures was increased by pass- 

 ing them through pigeons and diminished by passing 

 them through rabbits. By a series of inoculations in 

 rabbits he obtained an attenuated virus suitable for pro- 

 tective inoculations in swine. In practice he recom- 

 mended the use of a mild virus first, and after an inter- 

 val of twelve days of a stronger virus. These inocula- 

 tions have been extensively practiced in France, and the 

 fact that immunity may be established in this way is 

 well demonstrated. 



In a paper published in 1894 Chamberland states that 

 in the proceeding seven years, during which time protec- 

 tive inoculations had been practiced in France on a large 

 scale, the mortality from rouget had been reduced to 1-45 

 per cent, whereas before these inocculations were prac- 

 ticed the mortality from this disease was about twenty 

 per cent. 



Hutyra has given the following statistics of inoccula- 

 tions made in Hungary during the year 1889 with "vac- 

 cines" obtained from the Pasteur laboratory in Vienna : 

 48,637 pigs were inoculated on 117 different farms. Of 

 these, 143 (0-29 per cent) died between the iirst and sec- 

 ond inoculations. After the second inoculation 59 ani- 

 mals died (0-1 one per cent). During the year following 

 the inoculations 1,082 inoculated pigs died of Rothlauf. 

 Before the inoculations the annual loss in the same local- 

 ities is said to have been from ten to thirty per cent. 



In a communication (1894) to the Central Society of 

 Veterinary Medicine (of France), Arloing claims that he 

 has demonstrated the setiological relation of a bacillus 

 first described by him in 1889 [Pneumohacillus liquefac- 

 iens bovis) to the infectious disease of cattle known as 

 pleuro-pneumonia. The demoustration was not complete 



