18 THE AMERICAN MONTHLY [Jan. 



and meta-nepliros; in some; cfises they are very conspicu- 

 ous; tli.ey jauite below the meta-nephrosi to form a.' single- 

 passage which leads into the bladder on each side. ,ia 

 the higlier vertebrates the kidney is a compact organ. and 

 the ductSjCpming, from its various parts all, unite to form 

 the single ureter before they leave the boundairy ; of th& 



organ. :;:.■:, . .. : ;:■:, . ;, <:..■. ■ ■ ■ ' ' ' ' < 



The spermary in male specimens is a compact organ on. 

 the level of the meso-nephros; its ducts pass ip to the 

 ducts from the meso-nepljros and tlms reach the exterior 

 through the ureter*; in the female there is a duct ovi duct 

 which lies beside the ureter, and is separate from it^ thia 

 runs way forvi/ard, to the neck where it opens, by a broad 

 funnel shaped orifice directly into the body cavity; near 

 this opening of the ovi-duct lies a large glandular organ 

 the ovary, the ova when thpy e.i^cape f rom the pv.ary ftnd. 

 their way into the oviduct at its open end and then collect 

 there to produce the appearance described in the begin- 

 ning of this -paragraph. Tliey finally escape through, 

 the cloaca, into which the ovi-duct ultimately opens. 



10. The Muscular System. — The skin should be re-r 

 moved from the body and at least one of the limbs to de- 

 termine the following points; the muscle libres will show 

 much more distinctly after preservation in alcohol or 

 after boiling. The system as a whole includes; the, 

 muscles connected with the viscera involuntary muscles y 

 and the muscles attaching to the skelton and used ia 

 changing the fornvand position of the; botly, skeletal mus-. 

 cles. Of these latter we may distinguish those of the 

 head, and those of the (rest of the) body. It is to the lat- 

 ter that the, present siudy is mainly confined. T\va 

 kinds are reconizable : those of the spine used in pro- 

 ducing thebendings of the back-bone, .?//««? muscles ; and., 



*Besi(1es thespen.ary there it generally in the males a or^:in on each 

 side resembling is but composed mainly ol Tat called the corpus adiposum. 



