22 THE AMERICAN MONTHLY [Jan. 



wall to any considerable distance. Compare this skeleton 

 if possible with that of a dog, cat or any other mammal. 



14, The Skeleton of Limbs. — Remove the skin and 

 muscular tissue so as to display the bones of the limb 

 and note the position size and shapes of the bones as fol- 

 lows. The front limb is not directly articulated to the 

 body but at the shoulder joint to a plate of bones and q.-ax- 

 ti\Hge lormmg the s/iou/der girdle, this consists of two 

 portions: one is dorsal, the scapula\\i consists of a small 

 elongate bone dorsal to which is a cartilaginous plate 

 the supra-scapula,i\\e other on the ventral side is a large 

 plate of cartilage which meets and overlaps its mate of 

 the opposite side, coracoid cartilages. These each present 

 a broader hmder caracoid proper and a smaller anterior 

 pre-coracoid. In the hinder angle between the two cora- 

 coids a small sternal cartilage is found. These elements 

 of the shoulder girdle meet and form a cup-shaped glenoid 

 cavity into which the bone of the upper arm is articu- 

 lated. There is a single bone the humerus in the upper 

 arm. ][n the middle-arm there are two bones, one the 

 radius on the inside, the other the ulna on the outside of 

 the arm. There are four digits in the hand which cor- 

 respond with the outer four in the human, examine them 

 and locate and count the small bones 'phalanges of which 

 they are composed. Carefully dissect the wrist region 

 and find the small carpal bones, determine that there are 

 two rows : one distal row at the bases of the digits ; and 

 a proximal row, articulating with the end of the radius 

 and ulna. As the bones of the carpus are similar in all 

 the vertebrates their nomenclature is given here. Three 

 are recognized in the proximal row, viz: idnare, intermed- 

 ium and radiale; four in the distal row viz : carpalia 2, 3, 

 4 and 5 articulating with the digits 2, 3, 4, and 5 (the 

 first being abortive). One more in the centre of the car- 

 pus the <:^«^/'«/^ complete the list. 



