1895.J MICROSCOPICAL JOURNAL. 103 



milk were obtained in the same way as in the preceding- 

 studies, except' that in some cases the milking^ tube was 

 inserted to diiferent depths. About 60 cultures were 

 made. In all, 37 different kinds of bacteria were found rep- 

 resenting- various physiolog"ical types. "As in the previ- 

 ous studies, there is no evidence that the same species are 

 common to different animals, but the constancy of the 

 occurence of certain types, if present at all, is very appar- 

 ent. It is plain that the greater number of the g-erms are 

 found only accidentally at a certain time in a g"iven udder 

 or teat, and perhaps come from the surrounding's of the 

 animal. But there are certain sing"le germs which if once 

 found in a teat or udder reappear with a striking- con- 

 stancy." 



The Fly as a Germ Carrier. — In 1866, Hoffman demon- 

 strated the presence of tubercle bacilli in the bodies of flies 

 captured in a room occupied by a consumptive. The drop- 

 pings of the flies were full of bacilli, which were shown by 

 experiment to be fully virulent. 



Six years later, M. A. Coppen Jones, of Switzerland, 

 proved by means of chromog-enic bacteria that infection 

 can be, and actually is, carried, not onh^ in the bodies of 

 flies, but also by their feet. In the experiment, cultures 

 of the bacilli prodig-iosus were mixed with tuberculous spu- 

 tum. Flies which had been in contact with this mixture 

 were permitted to walk across the surface of sterlized po- 

 tatoes. In fort3'-eig-ht hours numerous colonies of the ba- 

 cillus prodig-iosus were visible. 



From these results we may reasonably conclude that 

 flies are a constant source of infection. — Modern Medicine. 



Infectious Character of the Feces of Tuberculous 

 Cattle. — Scientific research is constantly bring-ing to lig-ht 

 new methods by which tubercle bacilli are communicated 

 to human being-s. The Bulletin Medical recently published 

 a report of a series of experiments -conducted for the pur- 

 pose of determining- whether these bacilli are to be found 

 alive in the excreta of cattle. A young bullock was fed a 



