1888.] MICKOSCOPICAL JOURNAL. 25 



long and the cross-sections ; this is shown in figure i, by the irregular contom- 

 of the deeply-shaded portion yvhich correctly represents the distribution of this 

 layer. The longitudinal muscle is vastly greater in extent than the circular, 

 and is in its fine structure seen to be vastly more important. 



4. The sub-mucous layer may be considered as a space filled with pack- 

 ing tissue and binding the mucous coat, one working part of the organ to 

 the muscular coat, the other working part of the organ. This coat, as it is 

 often called, scarcely deserves such a name, for it is hardly a coat or layer in 

 the sense of the word as used of the two real coats, the muscular and the 

 mucous. It is difficult to fully demonstrate its real character, but its general 

 anatomical relation may be readily understood from the sections as shown 

 in figures /, 2, and 4. It comes between the mucous lining and the mus- 

 cles, allows the foldings of the former to exist independently of the contour 

 of the latter, and furnishes a space where blood may wander at large for 

 purposes to be referred to when we have studied a little more closely into 

 the histology of these layers. 



5. The muscles of the mucous lining (fig. 3, M. muc.) require no- 

 tice at this point as they may be everywhere observed in close relation with 

 the mucous layer. They are also often closely connected with the longitud- 

 inal coat, and it would be a likel}' question whether they were not a part of" 

 it. They do not run longitudinally always and are disposed in a number of 

 ways at angles with one another, as they are but a small layer as compared 

 with the two other muscular coats and would be easily overlooked. 



Summary of minute anatomy. — After this survey of the sections with 

 low power to find out the various parts of the organ and combine them, we 

 may sum up the facts of the minute anatomy of the intestine in this wise : — 

 The long narrow tube which the intestine appears to the naked eye when ta- 

 ken from its natural position is found upon examination, while much simpler 

 in its general shape and arrangement than is the liver or green-gland, to be 

 really much more complex in regard to the variety of different tissue used in 

 its construction. It is a hollow tube with a wall of varying thickness, this 

 wall being composed of a number of different layers all built together in a 

 certain way, first, or next the opening of the tube, a mucous layer, then a fine 

 muscle layer, then an open loose packing, then two muscle layers, one longi- 

 tudinal and larger, the other circular, enveloping the entire tube. The man- 

 ner in which each one of the layers is built will next be considered. 



Remittances. — The manager has been so pleased with the large number of payments 

 made by subscribers during January and February that this method is resorted to of 

 expressing thanks in addition to the postal acknowledgment sent to each. Please no- 

 tice the date on your wrapper and see if it agrees with the payments you have made. 

 One of our California friends sent his letter down across the continent unsealed, and on 

 reading, 'enclosed please find one dollar,' which we could not find, matters looked 

 dubious ; but the next day came a second letter saying he forgot to enclose it. Not a 

 single loss has occurred so far as known. An extremely small number of subscribers 

 have sent registered letters, or even money orders. Nearly all have sent dollar bills 

 carefully folded into their letters. The apparent safety of this mode almost leads us 

 to say it may be done at our risk. If sure the directions given in January would always 

 be observed we would try it. Those who have not yet remitted are invited to make 

 the experiment. They should look for our postal acknowledgment by return mail. 

 If those who have already paid desire the benefit of our club rates at any time during 

 the year, it will be a pleasure to accommodate them. It is not necessary to pay for the 

 different publications at the same time. 



