1888.] MICROSCOPICAL JO[JRNAL. 57 



tificially produced (caries); the latter by Dr. Miller, of Berlin, Germany. He also ex- 

 hibited an ' apochromatic ' objective (tV^)> of Powell & Lealand's make, and the 

 test upon the Podma scale was exceedingly satisfactory. The lens, however, was not 

 thoroughly tested. Rev. Fred'k Carter interested the society with an exhibit of some 

 eight or nine different members of the Rhizopoda family, including two varieties of 

 Difflugia, two of Nebela, a Qiiadrula syiiiinet7'ica, together with Assiilina seminuliini, 

 Arcella vulgaris, Eiiglypha ciliaia, and Placocista spinosa. 



Following these exhibits there was a little fine work done by some of the members. 

 Mr. J. L. Smith resolved the transverse markings of the Amphipleiira pelhicida into 

 DOTS, using a Bausch & Lomb horn. imm. objective of Y^ inch with his own medium, 

 having a high index of refraction. The illumination was by means of a Wenham re- 

 flex illuminator. The members of the society were unanimous in their decision that 

 the feat was accomplished. 



Mr. Woolmam resolved A. pellucida into lines with a Spenc^ hom. imm. -^^'^ and 

 mirror illumination. 



Mr. Carter also resolved the A. pellucida into dots, using Smith's stand (a fine Powell 

 & Lealand) and his own lens, which was a companion lens of Mr. Smith's. 



January ^, 1888. — Meeting at residence of Dr. Morgan W. Ayres, at Upper Mont- 

 clair. The Society listened to a paper by Dr. Ayres, upon 'The Structure and Func- 

 tion of the Mammary Gland.'* 



Oil-color charts had been carefully prepared to illustrate the subject. The first chart 

 represented the framework of the chest, showing the ribs in position, and the location 

 of the nipple at the upper border of the fifth rib. 



The second chart showed a section of the mammary gland, composed, as it is, of 

 §brous and connective tissue. 



The anatomy of the lobules was next fully explained and enlarged acini in differ- 

 ent stages shown. 



He gave lantern views of negatives made from lithograph plates which were drawn 

 ■ under the direction of Sir Astley Cooper in 1845 from actual dissection. 



The first slide represented the mammary glands of the porpoise. A section of a full 

 gland was shown (enlarged), injected with mercury, the ends of the lacteal ducts being 

 tied. The next two slides were illustrative of the glands of the bitch and cow, respec- 

 tively. In the latter an immense amount of surface was seen to be given over to the 

 receptacle for the milk. 



A slide represented the human mammary gland with the follicles somewhat en- 

 larged. In this slide the nipple was shown as being supplied with different orifices 

 through which the milk is brought to the surface. Other slides showed the mammary 

 gland in the foetal condition and blood-vessels surrounding each of the acini. 



Following these were a number of microscopic slides showing glandular structure 

 and mucous glands in the nipple of a rabbit. They were stained with ha;matoxylin- 

 eosin. There were cross-sections of the same showing fibrous septae between the 

 lobules. Others were as follows : — 



True cell structure or secreting portion of a gland ; each of the acini being surrounded 

 by its own fibrous net-work, making it separate and distinct. 



Quiescent stage of human breast before pregnancy. Secreting portion of the gland 

 is almost obliterated, and there is a great proliferation of connective tissue with acini 

 closely packed. 



Intermediate stage. Acini becoming much enlarged. 



Full activity of the gland brought into play. The fibrous tissue reduced to a mini- 

 mum. 



Septic mammitis ; 9th month of pregnancy. Glands filled up with inflammatory 

 matter. Colostrum cells colored black with osmic acid. 



Following the exhibition of the slides with the lantern. Dr. Ayres showed a number 

 under the tube. 



Dr. Chambers also brought a diagram representing a sarconatous growth removed 

 from a breast in which, although the excision had been made larger than ordinarily 

 in cases of this kind, it did not in this case guarantee an entire removal of the cause, 

 nor a non-recurrence of the trouble, as the fibrous prolongation of the growth was shown 

 by the microscope to extend down into the flesh beyond the incision made by the knife. 



*See page 51. 



