282 Recent Literature. [April 



not protect birds solely because they are useful, but chiefly from ethical 

 and sesthetical reasons, as birds give beauty and animation to nature. 

 We also wish to preserve their species, and hence the protection of birds 

 signifies the preservation of the monuments of Nature." The very full 

 and reasonable instructions here given would be of great service to those 

 in any country who are willing to make a little effort for the preservation 

 and increase of birds, and it is thus fortunate that the National Association 

 of Audubon Societies is an agency for the sale of the work in America. — 

 J. A. A. 



Economic Ornithology in recent Entomological Publications. — 



The oak pruner (Elaphidon villosum), a longicorn beetle that seriously 

 injures oaks, hickories, peach and pear trees, is the subject of a recent 

 circular of the Bureau of Entomology. 1 The author, Dr. F. H. Chittenden, 

 says: "Among natural enemies of the oak pruner, Mr. F. H. Mosher 

 records the Downy Woodpecker (Dryobates pubescens), the Blue Jay (Cyan- 

 ocitta cristata), and the Black-capped Chickadee (Penthestes atricapillus) . 

 Mr. W. L. McAfee of the Bureau of Biological Survey, states that a species 

 of Elaphidion is preyed upon by the Downy Woodpecker and by the 

 Great-crested Flycatcher {Myiarchus crinitus)." Dr. Chittendon has 

 also recently published an account 2 of the wild bird enemies of the potato 

 beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) in which the Chipping Sparrow receives 

 fullest mention. Four species not recorded by Dr. Chittenden are the 

 Starling, Chewink, Cliff Swallow, and Cedarbird, the complete list being: 

 Bobwhite, Prairie Chicken, Sharp-tailed and Ruffed Grouse, Red-tailed 

 Hawk, Nighthawk, Yellow-billed Cuckoo, Crow, Starling, English Spar- 

 row, Chipping Sparrow, Chewink, Cardinal, Rose-breasted Grosbeak, 

 Scarlet Tanager, Cliff Swallow, Cedarbird, Wood, Hermit and Olive- 

 backed Thrushes, and Robin. 



The writer of 'The Life History and Control of the Hop Flea-Beetle,' 3 

 the subject of which is a chrysomelid beetle which has destroyed 75 per- 

 cent of the crop in some seasons in certain parts of British Columbia, 

 thinks it possible that the insect has some bird enemies, but mentions none. 

 Biological Survey records furnish the names of two, the Killdeer (Oxyechvs 

 vociferus) and the Cliff Swallow (Petrochelidon hinifrons) . 



A few paragraphs in the Report on the Field Work against the gipsy 

 moth and the brown-tail moth 5 shows that interest in the bird enemies of 

 these pests is unabated. As there has been but one 4 complete list of the 

 bird enemies of the gipsy moth published since the original report by 

 Forbush and Fernald in 1896 and none complete for the brown-tail, 6 re- 

 vised lists will not be out of place in the present connection. 



' Circular 130. Bur. Ent., Dec. 1910. p. 7. 



2 Bull. 82. Pt. VII, Bur. Ent., Feb. 1911, p. 87. 



^ Parker, W. B., Bull. S2, Pt. IV, Bur. Ent., May, 1910, p. 48. 



" Forbush, E. H., Massachusetts Crop Report, July, 1900, pp. 33, 34. 



5 Bull. 87, Bur. Ent., Aug., 1910, pp. 26-27. 



s The Gypsy Moth. Massachusetts State Bd. Agr., Boston, 1896, pp. 207-208. 



