398 Craig, Emotion in the Mourning Dove. loot* 



Loct. 



THE EXPRESSIONS OF EMOTION IN THE PIGEONS. 

 II. THE MOURNING DOVE (ZENAIDURA 

 MACROURA LINN.). 



by wallace craig. 

 Introduction. 



The chief purpose in writing this paper on the Mourning Dove 

 at the present time, is to furnish a basis of comparison for the 

 article which is to follow, on the Passenger Pigeon. For if that 

 remarkable species is extinct, the strange facts regarding its voice 

 and manners ought to be most carefully recorded. The voice 

 and manners of even our most abundant and most familiar birds 

 have been so inadequately studied that we have scarcely a tithe 

 of the complete biography of any one of them; and so the writer 

 feels that the following account of the expressions of emotion 

 in the Mourning Dove is worth while for its own sake. Yet the 

 chief interest in this paper at the present time will come from the 

 light which it helps to throw upon the Passenger Pigeon. 



A much more detailed study for comparison is to be found in the 

 first paper of this series l on the Blond Ring-Do ve, or " Collared 

 Turtle Dove," the species commonly kept in cages; and a still 

 further study in a paper entitled 'The Voices of Pigeons regarded 

 as a means of Social Control' (1908, Craig). The work reported 

 in those papers and in the present two, was done under the guidance 

 of Professor C. O. Whitman, of the University of Chicago, to whom 

 I shall often have occasion to refer as the chief authority on the 

 habits and general biology of the Columbse. My studies were 

 made in Professor Whitman's large collection of living pigeons, 

 and with his constant direction and advice. I take this oppor- 

 tunity of expressing once more my gratitude to Professor Whitman 

 for his personal interest, his guidance and his counsel, and for the 

 rare privilege of studying in his aviary, stocked with a splendid 

 collection of pigeons from all parts of the world. 2 



1 The Expressions of Emotion in Pigeons. I. By Wallace Craig. Journ. 

 Comp. Neurol, and Psychol., Vol. XIX, 1909, pp. 29-80, with 1 plate. 



2 Since these lines were first written, news of the sudden death of Professor 

 Whitman has brought grief to those who knew him personally, and sorrow to all 

 biologists. 



