418 



Craig, Emotion in the Passenger Pigeon. 



rAuk 

 Loct. 



i 



No. 23. 



No. 24. 



r: 



te- 



( keck ) ( kee - ho ) 



Before giving this, gave keck several times, 

 each time raising wings and closing again sud- 

 denly. Once gave a flap of wings forwards. 



keck kee - ho 



After a number of loud kecks, each 

 accompanied by a flap of wings. 



i 



Also given after a few kecks ( even 

 if the kecks are at an intruding bird.) 



On another occasion, given alone, 

 not preceded by kecks. 



On one occasion, given near nest, 

 after driving other pigeons away. 



No. 26. T = 180. 



choo 

 Both clear tones ; the first, hard 

 like squeak of violin : the sec- 

 ond softer, a head-tone. The 

 slight intermediate ch is tone- 

 less. 

 Altogether, quite musical. 



The Nest-call. The nest-call, of which I have only one carefully 

 recorded observation, resembles that of the Ring-Dove and Mourn- 

 ing Dove in the general use to which it is put and in the movements 

 which form part of the expression. The sound is totally unlike 

 that heard from Ring-Dove and Mourning Dove, but bears a 

 general resemblance to the nest-call cooing of the Japanese Turtle 

 (Turtur orientalis Lath.) and the European Turtle (Turtur turtur), 

 which Professor Whitman believed to be the nearest living repre- 

 sentatives of the ancestral type of the whole group. 



Timbre very much burred — more so than any other note of this species. 

 A great mixture of high and low tones. Only moderately loud, and half 

 musical. 



|f Series consists at the least of about 8 notes, and at the most of a large 

 number. If a long series, it falls a little in pitch, about a semitone. Series 

 always ends with a keeho. 



Bird stood in nest, with tail up and head down, though not so much 

 tilted as some other species. He was never at rest, always in slight nervous 

 motion. 



In much the same position, bird gives a series of keeho without the nest- 

 call burred note. With the first note of keeho head is raised a good deal 

 above the back, and lowered with second note. 



The Voice of the Female. All that has been stated thus far 

 regarding the voice of the Passenger Pigeon, refers to the male 



