Vol. XX VI 1 1 

 1911 



Eifrig, Bird Protection in Foreign Lands. 457 



a veritable flood of measures, designed to protect birds and increase 

 their numbers, are being enacted by cities, villages, park boards, 

 land owners, etc., to aid in this movement. The nesting boxes 

 and feeding apparatus for birds, designed by von Berlepsch, are 

 installed wholesale in many places, and the other ways and means 

 tried out and perfected by him on his model bird station are intro- 

 duced. Vagabond cats are caught and destroyed. Waste land 

 is planted with shrubbery, the ministries of the several state rail- 

 ways direct that this be done also along the railway embankments; 

 farmers, laborers, school children, students are led to take an active 

 part in the work, until it has become a national movement. The 

 summer resorts at the sea coasts have tended to drive away sea 

 birds ; this is overcome by establishing reservations along the coast, 

 much as in this country, with gratifying results. The best known 

 of these are along the coast of the North Sea: Jordsand, Ellen- 

 bogen, Norderoog and Memmert, and Langenwerder in the Baltic 

 Sea. State boards of forests and private forest owners also help 

 in this work, and the result is a surprisingly large bird population, 

 which was forcibly brought home to the writer, when on a trip to 

 Europe in 1908.] 



Italy [still is the bete noire of European bird protection. After 

 having long ago nearly depleted the country of resident birds, 

 the Italians now lay in wait for the hordes of migrant birds from 

 central and northern Europe and net and kill them by the thou- 

 sands. The strings of even the smallest dead song and insect- 

 eating birds for sale in the Italian cities are well known to all 

 travelers there and are objects of repugnance to them.] But 

 more and more influences are setting themselves to work against 

 this slaughter of the innocents and the cruelties perpetrated in 

 connection with it. Anticruelty and bird protective societies, 

 as well as individuals, are competing to bring the agriculturists 

 to a sense of the harm they are doing themselves and the country 

 at large by their wanton destruction and to show them the benefits 

 conferred upon them by birds. This is done by leaflets, pamphlets, 

 and newspaper articles. Especially praiseworthy in this respect 

 is the literary activity displayed by Dr. Casoli, physician at 

 Cevoli near Pisa, and by L. Riccabone of Turin in his journal 

 'II mondo animale,' the 'Animal World.' Another step in the 



