I7A. Riker and Chapman, Birds at Santarem, Brazil. [April 



of Brown University. Through the courtesy of Prof. J. W. P. 

 Jenks, the curator in charge, I have been enabled to examine 

 these specimens at the college, and I have also to thank Mr. 

 Southwick for permission to make use of the specimens remain- 

 ing in his private cabinet. The number of Mr. Williams's speci- 

 mens which I have examined, therefore, is about one hundred and 

 fifty. (3) A collection of some eight hundred birds, made from 

 January to April, 18S9, by Mr. William Smith, who was sent to 

 Santarem to collect by Mr. Southwick. A representative series 

 of two hundred specimens from this collection was purchased by 

 the American Museum of Natural History, and I am permitted by 

 the authorities of the Museum to include here the species con- 

 tained in this collection which were not found at Santarem by 

 Mr. Riker. It will thus be seen that the collections formed at 

 Santarem represent the presence in the field of one collector for 

 about twelve months covering the period from January to Octo- 

 ber. In making these additions I have endeavored to preserve 

 the strictly local character of this list, admitting no species which 

 have not been found in the immediate vicinity of Santarem. 

 This will, I think, give to the paper a peculiar value as indicating 

 the avifauna of one limited locality, a character wanting in the 

 majority of South American lists which, as a rule, present the 

 results of observations over a more or less extended area. 



Mr. Riker's experience is in the highest degree instructive ; on 

 his first trip, having little or no knowledge of South American 

 birds or their ways, he collected without definite object and with 

 only moderate success, securing one specimen of a species new to 

 science. Possessed now of some experience and a knowledge of 

 what were desirable birds and the most likely to prove new or in- 

 teresting, he returned to Santarem and, collecting at practically 

 the same season, procured fifteen species new to science of which 

 two were the types of new genera. This comparison of results 

 is suggestive, and illustrates the difference between indiscriminate 

 collecting and well directed effort ; how many other localities 

 which we now suppose to have been more or less thoroughly ex- 

 plored, will prove on more careful and skilful investigation to be 

 as fertile in novelties as Santarem has been, it is, of course, im- 

 possible to say. 



Influenced by more recent discoveries, or additional material, I 

 have in a number of instances revised the determination of the 



