1S90.I flw'KJiiT on the tiorneit l.nrL-<. \A 



~ 



race, and a Ft. Tejon, Cala., specimen seems to bea connecting 

 link between chrysolccma and arenicola. The young of this race 

 and the young of fraticola differ much more than do the adults, 

 praticola being very dark brown and arenicola very light. 



In winter arenicola ranges south into Texas and Mexico, 

 though it is probable that many of the birds merely descend 

 from the mountains to the neighboring plains. How tar north 

 arenicola extends is uncertain. It may be called the form of the 

 Rocky Mountains and adjacent plains, and while it embraces 

 birds of mountain, plain, and desert, the differences between 

 them arc so unimportant, as shown by the immense series before 

 me, that I am convinced, unless we go into veritable 'hair-split- 

 ting,' one name should stand for all. Local causes, such as lati- 

 tude, rainfall, and altitude;, modify somewhat the average characters 

 of this race, birds breeding on the mountains being slightly larger 

 and paler than those of the lower plains, and the same thing 

 holds true of northern bleeding birds as compared with those 

 from its southern limit, but considering the great diversity of the 

 large area over which it is found, the differences are surprisingly 

 small and do not appear to be much greater than the individual 

 differences observable in large series from single localities. 



Average measurements of 20 breeding males: wing, 10.1.4111111. (4.11 

 in.) ; tail, 72.1mm. (2.84 in.); tarsus, 21.3 mm. (.84 in.); bill from nos- 

 tril, 9 7 mm. (.38 in.). 



Specimens examined: $, 395; ?, 206; young, first plumage, 73. 

 Localities represented: ""Heart River, Tort Union, Ft. Rice, and 

 Dickinson, N. Dak.; *Buffalo Gap, Ft.Tyndall, and Ft. Randall, S. Dak. ; 

 •Ft. Keogh, Ft. Custer, Frenchman's River, Porcupine River, Two Forks 

 of Milk River, Sunday Creek, Three Buttes, Dry Horse Creek, 

 ""Helena, *Moreland, *Pass Creek, Dry Creek, *Willow Creek. Madison 

 River, Gallatin River, *HillsdaIe, and *Rainb0w Falls, Mont.; *Ft. Fetter- 

 man, Bridger, Laramie and Cheyenne, Wyo. ; ""Denver, Ft. Massachusetts, 

 Clear Creek. ""Colorado Springs, Pueblo, *Fair Play, Central City and 

 •South Platte, Col.; Washoe Lake and Carson, Nev. ; Salt Lake City, 

 Santa Clara, Ogden, Beaver, Fairfield, and Kelton, U. ; Mojave Desert, 

 Cala.; Wilcox, Ft. Verde and San Francisco Mountain, Ariz.; Zllftr, 

 Santajfe, Chico Springs, Silver City, Lone Mountain, Mimbres to Rio 

 Grande, Las Vegas, Deming, Ft. Thorn, and Ft. Bayard, N. M. ; 

 Chihuahua, Mexico; San Angelo, Concho Co., Comanche, Cook Co., 

 Kendall Co., Giddings, *Pecos City, Ft. Davis, Sierra Blanca, Marfa, Del 

 Rio, and Laredo, Tex. ; Beaver River, Tepee Creek and Ft. Reno, I. T.J 

 Garden City and *Ft.Hays, Kan. ; and ""Valentine, Neb. 



