1890.] DwiGHT on tke Horned Larks. I CJ 



a". Back dark, eyebrows always white; colors darker in au- 

 tumn; wing, 104.1 mm. (4.10 in.)- praticola. 

 b". Back pale ; yellow usually brighter in autumn; wing, 

 104.1 mm. (4.10 in.). arenicola. 

 c". Back very pallid; wing, 95.0 mm. (3.74 in.). pallida. 

 d". Back light gray ; wing, 97. S mm. (3.85 in.). giraudi. 

 b. Colors dark, nape, etc., reddish; colors generally darker in au- 

 tumn. 

 a'. Browner, less streaked, eyebrows and throat always yellow; 

 wing, 109.2 mm. (4.30 in.). alpeslris. 

 b'. Darker, more streaked, eyebrows and throat sometimes white. 

 a". Back blacker, nape paler; grayer in autumn ; wing, 101.6 

 mm. (4.00 in.). merrilli. 

 b". Back yellower, greenish tinged, nape darker ; yellower in 

 autumn; wing, 99.1 mm. (3.90 in.). strigata. 

 B. Back reddish; usually darker in autumn. 



a. Colors of nape in marked contrast to the back; wing, 99.1 mm. 



(3.90 in.). chrysolcema. 



b. Colors of nape merging into those of the back. 



a'. General appearance rich rufous ; wing, 99.1 mm. (3.90 in.). 



. . rubea. 



b'. General appearance pallid and scorched; wing, 102.9 mm. 



(4.05 in.). adusta. 



KEY TO FEMALES, BASED ON BREEDING PLUMAGE. 



Back grayish or brownish ; usually darker in autumn. 



a. Eyebrow and chin always yellow; dark colors; wing, 101.6 mm. 



(4.00 in.). alpestris. 



b. No yellow anywhere ; wing, 104. 1 mm. (4.10 in.). leucolcema. 



c. Eyebrow and chin usually yellow, often white. 



a'. Back pale gray ; wing, 88.9 mm. (3.50 in.). giraudi. 



b' . Back pallid; wing, 96.5 mm. (3. So in.). arenicola. 



c'. Back very pallid ; wing, 88.9 mm. (3.50 in.). pallida, 



d' . Back dark. 



a". Blackish brown, darker in autumn; eyebrow always. 



white; wing, 96.5 mm. (3.80 in.). fraticola. 



b." Blackish brown, more broadly streaked ; graver in autumn ; 



wing, 95.3 mm. (3.75 in.). merrilli. 



c". Yellowish brown ; yellower in autumn; wing, 91.4 mm. 



;_ (3-6o in.). strigata. 



Back reddish, usually darker in autumn. 



a. Ruddy-tinged; wing, 91.4 mm. (3.60 in.). rubea. 



b. Yellowish-tinged; wing, 92.7 mm. (3.65 in.). chrysolcema. 



c. Pallid; wing, 95.3 in. (3.75 in.). adusta. 



