522 Wright, Morning Awakening and Even-song. [bet. 



in flight singing at 2.58, winging his way some distance, twenty- 

 four minutes earlier than he awoke on two other near occasions; 

 a Robin began to sing at 2.41, sixteen minutes earlier than his 

 next earliest awakening; and a Hermit Thrush broke into song 

 at 2.59, six minutes earlier than on any other morning. The other 

 earliest-singing birds, however, were scarcely influenced, for Song, 

 Chipping, Savannah, and Vesper Sparrows, Alder Flycatcher and 

 Phcebe sang no earlier than upon other occasions when the sky was 

 only starlit. It was an early morning for the Crow, however, for 

 its first calls were heard at 3.17; but among nineteen records there 

 are five others also unusually early, one occurrence being on June 

 10, when calls were given at 3.10, on which date the moon was in 

 the first quarter and had set at midnight. Therefore there appears 

 to be no generally exerted influence of the moon to awaken the birds 

 earlier than their wont, while it seems upon the morning named to 

 have had an influence upon the few individuals specified. It could 

 produce an effect only upon the earliest awakening birds, if upon 

 any, for the light of the unrisen sun is always pervasive before the 

 later birds awake to sing. 



The view was also expressed in the first paper that cloudy 

 conditions appear not to have had an influence to any extent in 

 delaying the time of early song. Further experience mostly con- 

 firms this view. But occasionally there is a definite exception. 

 On July 7, 1913, the awakening was late. The previous evening 

 having been fine, I rose for an awakening record and proceeded 

 half a mile into open country. The sky was clouded. A change 

 to lower temperature had been inaugurated in the night. The 

 morning was dull and cold, and such was the day throughout. 

 Position was taken for the record at 2.42; it was 3.10 before the 

 first Song Sparrow sang, eighteen minutes later than the average 

 time. The song was repeated at 3.14, and a second bird sang then. 

 It was 3.24 before a Vesper Sparrow was heard, nineteen minutes 

 later than usual. Chipping Sparrow did not sing until 3.31 and 

 Phcebe until 3.33 o'clock. No voice of Robin was heard before 

 3.43. This was the record just where the record of June 19 had 

 been taken when the moon filled the sky with light and some of 

 the birds awoke so early as to break all records. I think the delay 

 was rather more due to a chilly morning introducing forbidding 



