J9i3 I Wright, Morning Awakening and Even-song. 527 



early awakening as due to the brilliancy <»t' the sky and the amount 

 of lighl present, suggesting to the bird that the "time to be up" 

 bad come. I have not combined this record with the others to 

 form the average, regarding it as exceptional. 



Mr. Allen gives an early record of 2.53; his next earliest is .3.07; 

 Dr. ( '. W. Townsend is emoted with a 2.58 record. These records 

 are in agreement with my series of six, which range from 2.56 to 

 3.07, or from 55 to 68 minutes before sunrise. The endurance of 

 the bird in song flight is indeed remarkable, as Mr. Allen so well 

 states. I have not timed its length, but my impression is that it 

 continues unabated in vigor and ebullition of joy often more than 

 an hour. 



An Olive-sided Flycatcher located for a time at the border of 

 the lower extent of woodland in the season of 1913 and furnished 

 two records on June 11 and 13, which average 57 minutes before 

 sunrise and 3.04, the earlier being at 2.51, when the bird sang once 

 and in a half-minute again, coming into frequent repetitions of his. 

 song at 3.15 o'clock. Later in the month he was not heard and 

 must have moved on to other ground for mating. 



The Olive-backed Thrush's ranking has been advanced many 

 minutes by records of 1912, within the woodland taken near to the 

 songsters; four in the lower woodland average 56 minutes before 

 sunrise; three in the upper woodland, 53 minutes. The slightly 

 earlier singing in the lower woodland near the border of the big 

 field among sparse growth of timber may be due to the light of 

 dawn breaking through there a few minutes earlier than it does 

 into the heart of the woods, where the shade is dense. The earliest 

 record in the lower section of the wood is 63 minutes, while the 

 earliest in the upper section is 57 minutes. In each location three 

 and sometimes four birds awoke to sing in quick succession. Either 

 one of the call-notes, or, it may be, all three of the calls are repeated 

 only for a minute or two preliminary to the song. On the other 

 hand the Hermit Thrush usually calls for five minutes and some- 

 times for ten minutes before singing. The records of both species 

 are based on song. Those of 1913 are in close agreement with the 

 previous season's. 



The Kingbird has not furnished entirely satisfactory records 

 as yet. With the exception of one, which is unusually early, when 



