530 Wright, Morning Awakening and Even-song. [bet. 



as far as my observations have gone, are late risers, namely, the 

 kingfisher, the swift, the woodpeckers, and the nuthatches. 

 Perhaps the Bluebird also is later than the other thrushes because 

 of its hole-nesting habit. My few records show it to awake 18 

 minutes later than the Robin and from 6 to 8 minutes later than 

 Yeery, Hermit and Olive-backed Thrushes. 



There are eight records of the Goldfinch in 1912 obtained in 

 July, averaging 4 minutes before sunrise and 4.11 o'clock, the varia- 

 tion in time of which, excepting one record, is but three minutes. 

 The average of the seven records is three minutes before sunrise. 

 On July 7 a bird began to call in a near tree by the roadside at four 

 minutes before sunrise. I had not perceived it come on the wing, 

 and the inference was that it had spent the night in this tree. 

 There was a nesting in the middle of July in the orchard. On 

 July 10, 13, and 17 the male bird's song in the air was recorded at 

 one, one, and two minutes before sunrise respectively. On July 28, 

 the date of earliest awakening, the call was first given thirteen 

 minutes before sunrise, and one minute later the male bird was 

 on the wing in jubilant song, while the female bird continued her 

 calls in the orchard. This earliest of song records has been included 

 notwithstanding the lateness of the date, because the song season 

 of the Goldfinch was still at its height. It also indicates that the 

 birds, contrary to the usual course, awoke on this date as early as 

 they had done ten days earlier, although sunrising was ten minutes 

 later, which accounts for the record being as early as thirteen 

 minutes before sunrise. So the Goldfinch quietly awaits the ftdl 

 light of day before becoming responsive in movement and song. 

 Six records of 1913 average seven minutes before sunrise, and the 

 entire fourteen records, five minutes. 



Belted Kingfisher nested in a gravelly bank at the roadside a 

 quarter of a mile away in 1913. Three records were obtained on 

 June 15, 21, and 25. On the earliest date position was taken at 

 2.28. The male bird came to the bank with rattle call at 3.53, 

 but flew away without perching; at 4.02 he came again and perched 

 on a fence post just above the nest; at 4.05 he left again. On the 

 second occasion at 4.04 one of the pair flew from the bank calling 

 in flight, presumably the female. At 4.10, 4.14, 4.18 and 4.21 one 

 of the birds successively approached without coming to the bank, 



