532 Wright, Morning Awakening and Even-song. [oct. 



but came within hearing in a casual way only, were: Broad-winged 

 Hawk (Butco platypterus), 4.05; Barred Owl (Strix cut-in varia) 

 hooting at 2.18, 2.38, 2.39 and 3.01 on four several occasions ; 

 Great Horned Owl (Bubo virginianus virginianus) calling at 2.27 

 and 2.37 on two occasions; Nighthawk (Chordcilcs virginianus 

 virginianus) at 2.24, 2.57 and 2.58 on three occasions; Ruby- 

 throated Hummingbird (Archilockus colvbris), 3.55 and 4.33; 

 Crested Flycatcher (Myiarchus critiitus), 5.30; Pine Siskin (Spinus 

 pinus, 5.04; Rose-breasted Grosbeak (Zamelodia ludoviciana), 

 3.56; Water-thrush {Seiurus noveboracensis noveboracensis), 5.02; 

 Brown Creeper (Certhia familiaris americana), 4.13 o'clock. 



Were the species ranked in accordance with the single earliest 

 song of each, the order would be somewhat changed but in no very 

 essential particular, as may be seen by the table which follows. 

 Occasionally a species would rank several higher or several lower, 

 but these variations would not destroy the general trend as to 

 families and their relative places in the awakening. 



In drawing up the averages presented in this paper the records 

 of seasons previous to 1912 and 1913 have not been retained, except 

 where their use has been already mentioned. The desire was to 

 start anew with the experience previously gained and outline as 

 true an order as circumstances would allow. That it is not perfect 

 and may be amended by future experience of himself and others 

 the author is well aware and is content in the thought. 



It should be borne in mind that five minutes should be added to 

 the clock time records to obtain the corresponding time at Boston, 

 as sunrise is five minutes earlier in Jefferson. 



Attention was also given to even-song in the season of 1912. 

 Ten records were obtained on the lawn, three in the heart of the 

 woodland, and one at the lower border of the woods. They were 

 taken between June 23 and July 24 inclusive, a period during which 

 the variation in time of sunset is thirteen minutes, namely, from 

 the time of latest sunset, which is 7.30 at Jefferson, to its setting 

 at 7.17 o'clock. The method pursued is opposite to that followed 

 in morning awakening, when each species is enrolled by its first 

 song or call. In even-song each is enrolled by the time it ceased 

 to sing or give a call-note. So it is necessary from the beginning to 

 record each minute the birds which are singing. When one ceases, 



