VOl i90? IV ] Chapman, The Eastern Forms of Geothlypis trichas. 33 



Wilson used the Brissonian name marylandica as a pure synonym 

 of trichas, with which personatus of Swainson is also synonymous. 

 Fortunately, therefore, unless someone desires the questionable 

 distinction of standing as sponsor for the form lately known as 

 trichas, we shall not have to consider its claims to nomenclatural 

 standing but may apply Swainson's name brachidactyla to all the 

 Yellow-throats north of the range of trichas (=ignota Chapm.). 

 Thus we shall have in eastern North America : 



Geothlypis trichas trichas (Linn.). 



Southern Yellow-throat. 



Turdus trichas Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., Ed. 12, 1, 1766, 293. (Type local- 

 ity, Carolina.) 



Range. — Florida, westward through the Gulf Coast region to 

 Texas; north through the Atlantic Coast region to Virginia (Dismal 

 Swamp) ; winters from South Carolina southward and also in 

 Cuba (c/. Ridgway). ; , 



Geothlypis trichas brachidactyla (Swains.). 



Northern Yellow-throat. 



Trichas brachidactylus Swainson, Anim. in Menag., 1838, 295. (Type 

 locality, "northern provinces of the United States".) 



Range. — North America from the "more western portion of 

 the Great Plains" (Ridgw.) eastward, north to Manitoba and 

 southern Labrador, south to the Austro riparian region; winters 

 from the Gulf States southward to the Bahamas, Greater Antilles, 

 Mexico, and Central America. 



Origin of the Forms. 



An interesting fact developed by Mr. Palmer (/. c.) in his dis- 

 cussion of the relationships of these birds is that the central form 

 of the Yellow-throat, to which he restricted the name trichas, 

 averages smaller and paler than the form to the north and to the 

 south of it. The extreme northern form of Yellow-thioat, therefore, 

 is, apparently, not connected with the southern Yellow-throat by, 



