78 Fleming, Birds of Toronto, Canada. \_f&n 



Toronto) in 1820 mentions "ravens and rooks" as occurring there then;, 

 the Rev. John Doel tells me the last pair killed was in the Queen's Park 

 about 1848. 



179. Corvus brachyrhynchos. American Crow. — Abundant resident 

 except in winter; they usually disappear in November and reappear early 

 in February, a few only remaining through the winter. Breeds (April 

 16 to May 24). 



180. Dolichonyx oryzivorus. Bobolink. — Summer resident, April 

 19 to September 8; breeds (June 1, 1899). 



181. Molothrus ater. Cowbird. — Abundant summer resident, April 

 2 to early in October; rare winter resident, January 14 to March 29. 



182. Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus. Yellow-headed Black- 

 bird. — Accidental; one record, a male taken about 1885; this bird is- 

 now in my collection. 1 



182. Agelaius phceniceus. Red-winged Blackbird. — Abundant 

 summer resident, March 8 to November 10; latest record December 25, 

 1890; breeds. (May 31 to June 25). 



183. Sturnella magna. Meadowlark. — Common summer resident, 

 March 16 to October 30; numerous winter records; breeds (May 2 to July 



1). 



184. Icterus spurius. Orchard' Oriole. — Possibly a very rare 

 summer resident; there are about a dozen records, distributed over a long 

 period of years, nearly all in May; Mr. J. Hughes Samuel took an imma- 

 ture male May 20, 1900, and on July 5, observed a pair breeding at Island 

 Park. 



185. Icterus galbula. Baltimore Oriole. — Common summer resi- 

 dent, April 12 to September 1; breeds (June 14, 1889). 



186. Euphagus carolinus. Rusty Blackbird. — Abundant migrant, 

 April 6 to May 8, and September 9 to October 27. 



187. Quiscalus quiscula seneus. Bronzed Crackle. — Abundant 

 summer resident, March 20 to November 3; earliest record February 26, 

 1906; a common breeder; said to be a rare winter resident (January, 1906). 



188. Hesperiphona vespertina. Evening Grosbeak. — Winter mi- 

 grant of irregular occurrence. A flight in the winter of 1854-55 in 

 southern Ontario is the earliest recorded; birds were taken at Toronto on 

 December 25, 2 at Hamilton in the following April, 3 and at Woodstock on 

 May 7, 1855. 4 Other small nights are recorded elsewhere, 5 but the great 

 flight was in the winter of 1889-90; the first birds were recorded at Toronto 

 on January 18, and the last on May 26; a very full report was published 

 at the time by a committee of ornithologists; 6 they had information of 453 



i Auk, II, 1885, 334. 



2 Auk, II, 1885, 334. 



3 Transactions Canadian Institute, III, 1891-92, 88. 

 * Canadian Journal, TIlT 1854-55, 287. 



s Transactions Canadian Institute, III, 1891-92, 88; Nuttall Bulletin, VIII, 

 1883, 146; Auk, IV, 1887, 256; Auk, V, 1888, 208. 

 e Transactions Canadian Institute, III, 1891-92, 76-89. 



