1911] Composition of Taxonomic Papers 207 



A. Primary Types. 



1 . Holotype (H. T.) — A single specimen, or one selected of a series. 



2. Allotype (A. T.) — A single specimen of the sex not designated by 



the holotype. 



3. Cotype (S. T.) — Specimens of the original series when there is no 



holotype ( = syntype). 



4. Paratype (P. T.) — Specimens of original series when there is a 



holotype. 



5. Morphotype (M. T.) — A single specimen of the second form 



described of a dimorphic sex. 



6. Lectotype (L. T.) — A cotype chosen after publication as holotype. 



7. Chirotype (X. T.) — Specimen on which a manuscript name is based. 



B. Supplementary Types. 



1 . Plesiotype (P. t.) — Material on which subsequent descriptions or 



figures are based ( = apotype and hypotype). 



2. Neotype (N. t.) — A specimen from the same locality as the original 



type described or figured when the original type is lost. 



3. Heautotype (H. t.) — Specimen identified by the nomenclator or 



used by him for illustration, but not belonging to original series 

 ( = autotype) . 



4. Plastotype (p. t.) — Plastic reproductions from type specimens. 



These must be casts. Models not included. 



The five prior names (1, 3, 4, 6, 7) for primary types are 

 sufficiently ^simple and certainly not cumbersome for the sys- 

 tematise Yet it appears to me that one condition quite as 

 important as the holotype has been overlooked; also a second 

 one, which, if not general, still applies to certain orders of 

 insects. 



The first of these is easily apparent, Very many descrip- 

 tions are based on one sex alone; often several decades pass 

 before the unknown sex is discovered and described. Since 

 this description is of primary interest to taxonomists, the speci- 

 men on which this description is based in my estimation also 

 merits a type name; and, what is more, should be classed among 

 the primary types with the holotype. The second case is sex- 

 dimorphism, common in a few orders of insects, rare in others, 

 but still of such frequent occurrence that a type name for the 

 dimorphic individual appears advisable. To designate these 

 cases properly I have elsewhere (Bull. Milwaukee Museum, 

 Vol. I, page 10, 1910) suggested the terms "allotype" — the 

 other — -for the unknown sex, and "morphotype" — form — 

 for the dimorphic form of a sex. 



