262 Annals Entomological Society of America [Vol. IV, 



Secondary hair always minute, rudimentary, mostly visible 

 only under a lens; but the body is often roughened by the 

 tubercles; primary hair (iii and v alone are easy to identify but 

 in Proserpinus flavoj'asciata i and ii are marked by larger black 

 spots) often considerably better developed; but their tubercles 

 are never raised, even when the others are. Segments with 

 8 or 9 annulets, usually ill-defined in front. Usually with a 

 wart, horn or peculiar marking on the dorsum of the eighth 

 abdominal segment — if a horn, bearing tubercles and secondary 

 hair. With other armature only in Ceratomia amyntor, Lint- 

 neria eremitus and some exotic Smerinthinae. 



Tree-feeders with a few exceptions (L. eremitus, Deilephila, 

 Protoparce, Choerocampa) or feeders on vines. 



In synoptic form the Sphingidae are distinguished as 

 follows : 



1. Maxillary palpi three-jointed; the four upper ocelli in a rectangle; the upper 

 setae of thoracic segments on a level JUGATAE 



1. Maxillary palpi with but two free joints; the four upper ocelli in a curve; the 



upper sets of the thorax, when single, one above the other.. (FRENATAE) 



2. With outer hooks on the prolegs Microlepidoptera, etc., etc. 



2. With a single inner band of hooks on the prolegs 3 



3. Hooks of prolegs alternately of three lengths Butterflies 



3. Hooks of prolegs all of the same length 



Noctuidae, Notodontidae, Arctiidae, Eucleidae, etc. 



3. Hooks of prolegs alternately and regularly of two lengths 4 



4. Secondary hair present on antennae and palpi Lasiocampidae 



4. No secondary hair on antennae or palpi 5 



5. Secondary hair if present, confined to leg-bases . . Geometridae, Thyatiridae 

 5. With dense secondary hair on body and head, including labrum 



Apatelodes (Eupterotidae ?) 



5. With considerable secondary hair on body and head, but little or none on 



labrum 6 



6. Primary tubercles represented by branching spines, or warts bearing several 



hairs Saturnoidea 



6. Primary tubercles bearing minute simple hairs, hardly distinguishable from the 

 secondaries; and all hair minute SPHINGIDAE 



Semanophor^: and Asemanophor^: are separated rather 

 by different tendencies than by sharp differentiating characters, 

 and the same is true to an even greater extent of the subfamilies 

 of each. Marking in a general way the Asentanophorce there 

 may be mentioned the strong tendency for the head to taper 

 toward the vertex (which none of the Semanophorce show) ; the 

 densely granulated skin of the middle stages (except Lapara, 

 and shared by one or two Semanophorce); the generally higher 

 front, with more tendency to develop lobes at the lower outer 

 angles. The first abdominal segment is never swollen, and the 

 horn is never replaced by an eyespot; the clypeus tends to be 

 wider, at least at the ends. 



