1911] Hypera and Phytonomus in America 391 



has one or more tubercles set with hairs, anal segment of three 

 lobes, two side and one dorsal; a dorsal abdominal median 

 paler line is present, this may extend onto the thorax. 



Later stages: Head dark, glabrous with very fine transverse- 

 lines, antennae minute, two-jointed, situated near the anterior 

 border; labrum emarginate, with a row of hairs near the edge; 

 mandibles stout, toothed, usually dark; two small ocelli on 

 each side of the head with a long hair between them; palpi 

 two-jointed, a long hair or spine below the first joint. Seg- 

 ments of the body dorsally of two distinct parts, (PI. XXIV, figs. 

 23-32), the smaller anterior part always with one pair of 

 tubercles, a tubercle each side of the dorsal line; the posterior 

 part larger, broader and extending almost to the spiracles, 

 containing on the dorsum, at least, one row of tubercles, some 

 of the thoracic and last abdominal segments may have more 

 rows; spiracles black, nine in number situated a little above the 

 middle and well forward on the side of the segments which 

 possess them, below them one or two tubercles, the spiracles 

 and these tubercles are on the first set of swellings or enlarge- 

 ments; the enlargement below the first is usually small, the 

 third is on the venter and contains the leg-like tubercles. 



Cocoon: All the species noted above spin reticulate cocoons, 

 usually oval or globular, varying considerably in the size and 

 shape of the openings. 



Pupa: Rather short and wide, all the appendages very evi- 

 dent, wing-pads rather long, thorax broad, the abdominal seg- 

 ments with transverse rows of setae; the thorax with hairs, 

 those on the prothorax regularly twenty in number, a row of 

 five pairs curving around the anterior margin on each side, the 

 fifth of which is sometimes set far back; and a curved row of 

 five pairs beginning near the center and passing backward to 

 the posterior outer angle. The arrangement of these hairs 

 appears to be constant in each species examined (pupa of 

 meles not seen). 



Life-history: Eggs laid, except with Hyp. punctata, in the 

 spring on the food plants or inserted into some part of the 

 plant, such as leaf, leaf-sheath, petiole, stem, flower-heads or 

 buds. The habit of comptus is not known, but from the time 

 the larvae appear it is probable the eggs are laid in the spring,, 

 the same holds for P. eximius. 



