408 Annals Entomological Society of America [Vol. IV, 



Wisconsin: Bolter coll; Lugger coll.; Beaver Dam ix-4-10 

 (Van Dyke). 



Iowa: Burlington, April, 1910 (Webster, R. L.). 



Kansas: North Topeka, 17 Sep., 1910 (Titus). 



Washington: Washington Lake near Seattle v-9-07, ix-9-07 

 (Van Dyke); Vancouver (G. I. & M. Reeves). 



California: Mt. Lake near Presidio Mil. Res. San Francisco,. 

 May, '08, (Blaisdell and VanDyke). 



Oregon: "Ore." (U. S. N. M.). 



British Columbia: Victoria 1902 (Hanham), Harrison, 1903 

 (Wilmot). 



Food Plants and Life History: In Europe this species has 

 several times been reported as injurious locally, but only for 

 short periods. The earliest record I have found is Villa's 

 statement at the time of the outbreak in the region of Lom- 

 bardy in 1868, when he says that Moretti in a revised edition 

 of Gene's publication in 1853 reports this species as injuring 

 clover, and believes that this referred to a previous serious 

 injury about 1834-35. I have not seen the work mentioned. 

 In 1868 the species caused serious damage in northern Italy 

 so that a commission was appointed to investigate the matter 

 and published several papers giving recommendations. 



Targione-Tozzetti in 1879 notes a severe outbreak in the 

 region around Florence; Koppen in 1880 mentions its injuries 

 to agriculture in Italy. Bargagli in his work on the Rhynco- 

 phora writes of the species as injurious and in 1884 reports 

 that the previous year it had been excessively abundant. He 

 believed that this was due to the very dry year killing off the 

 predaceous and parasitic insects that ordinarily keep it in 

 check. Bertolini reports it from clover at Trento in 1893. 

 It was again injurious in the region of Florence in 1902-1903. 



In America its first notice as an injurious species was in 



1881 in New York when there was a severe outbreak and from 

 this place it rapidly spread in all directions year by year. 

 Five years later Arthur of the Geneva station studied the 

 fungus that was then attacking it. This disease keeps the 

 species well in check throughout the eastern states. However, 

 when the species reaches the dry western climates it is probable 

 that it will cause much more serious damage. 



The life history of the species was published by Riley in 



1882 and a more recent paper by Folsom (1909) gives much 

 additional information regarding its habits and distribution. 



