4(i( 



Annuls Entomological Society of America [Vol. IV, 



Pupa: (Plate XXXI, fig. 4). Length 4 to 5.5 mm. Width 

 3 to 4.5 mm. 



The newly formed pupa is green and after a few hours pale green, 

 the eyes somewhat darkened at an early stage; the posterior ends of the 

 femora and the anterior ends of the tibiae are early darkened. Pale 

 dorsal line extending the entire length and onto head but not always the 

 length of the beak. Dorsal rows of transverse setae enlarged at the tips 

 as in larvae, hairs on the anal segment rather long and darker than 

 elsewhere on pupa. Prothoraeie hairs long, slender, the frontal row not 

 close to the margin, first three pairs in front, fourth on side and fifth far 

 back; central two pairs forming a small square in front of the center, 

 three other pairs in a slight curve near the posterior edge. 



Map 10. Distribution over world of Phytonomus posticus Gyll. 



Distribution: First described by Herbst as C. haemorrhoi- 

 dalis in 1784 from Germany, later by the same author (17i>.">) 

 as variabilis, in 1802 by Marsham from England as C. bimacu- 

 latits. These names were all preoccupied and in 1813 Gyllenhal 

 described it as R. posticus from Europe as above noted. 



Capiomont and Petri, with other European writers give its 

 distribution as the whole of Europe, southern Siberia, Turkestan, 

 Asia Minor, Persia, Arabia, north coast of Africa, Maderia and 

 Canary Islands and British Isles. 



In America it was first reported from Utah, in l!)()2, and has. 

 since been spreading rapidly. Colonies are now known to- 

 occur in the adjoining states of Wyoming and Idaho. The 

 accompanying map (map 11) will show the distribution as at. 

 present known. 



