1 8 THE FISHERIES OF THE ADRIATIC, 



Cardinal cchinatum, C. Icevigatum, the sea-urchins Echinus brcvispinosus, 

 and especially the enormous E. melo, which presents the characteristic facies, 

 occupy rocks covered with loose gravel, or grit. 



Polyps of the Gorgonia genus, such as G. verrucosa, G. Bertoloni, first 

 appear in 15 fathoms, and increase in number with the depth. 



Where Cystoseira grows on rock, or loose stones, or broken shells, the 

 crustaceans Pisa ariuata, Porccllana platychelcs, Atclecyclus heterodon, Ethusa 

 mascarone, Inac/ius thoracicus, are particularly characteristic. They are joined 

 by Xantho Jloridus, X. rivoiosus, Pagurus maculatus, Pilumnus hirtcllus, 

 and Galathea strigosa, which here attain to their maximum. Stenorhynchus 

 phalangium here commences to appear and increases with the depth ; Portuuus 

 longipipes is on the decrease. 



The characteristic Annellides are Euphrosyne mediterranean Eulalia 

 viridis, and Polyophthalmus pictus, the latter a remarkable one described by 

 Quatrefrages (the Nais picta of Duges). 1 



Under similar conditions appear the Mollusks : Fusus rostratus, Cardium 

 exiguum, and Turbo rugosus ; on the tangles, Chiton Risso'e, and Fissurella 

 grcrca ; on the branches Doris tuberculoma, a Celtic form, Aplysia mar- 

 ginata, Fusus syracusanus, Mitra ebenus, Cerithium pulchclluiu, C. miiuitum, 

 jRissoa Bruguieri, also the bivalve Anatina pusilla. Besides these many 

 species of Trochus, Cerithium, and Rissoa are found, characteristic of the 

 littoral zone ; they disappear in the course of this region. 



Where Sargassum grows scattered on gravel, or grit, and loose stones, 

 life is still more varied. Inside the stones dwell Saxicava Gucrini, Anceus 

 /orbicularis, and attached to the outside of stones are Serpula contortuplicata, 

 S. aspcra, Pomatoceros tricuspis, and Spirorbis pusilla, which cease here. The 

 Polyps Cyathiua striata, Actinia carciniopados, and A. bellis, likewise appear 

 in their company. 



The Ascidian Phallusia intesiinalis, whose mantle is invariably incrusted 

 with Modiola discrepans, adheres to stones (Philippi cites this as the ordinary 



1 Quatrefrages, "Annates des Sciences Naturelles," iii. se : rie, tome xiii., 1850, p. 8; and 

 Grube, " Ein Ausflug," &c, p. 49. 



