AND THE FISH THEREOF. 19 



appearance of this small bivalve) ; also Tethya lyncurium, a species of sponge 

 rendered firm by containing numerous needles of flint throughout its sub- 

 stance, extending to Celtic waters. 



The Crustaceans Lambrus angulifrons, L. massena, Dromia vulgaris, 

 Ethusa mascarone, Eurynome scutcllata, Maja verrucosa, are here charac- 

 teristic. 



Annellides are less abundant. The most characteristic are Cerebratulus 

 spectabilis, Meckelia annulata, and a beautiful violet Eunice, new to the 

 European fauna, discovered and described by Dr. Grube : l it is similar to 

 the E. violacea of Oersted, though only half its size, viz., 2\ inches long. 



The characteristic species in this zone are the univalves Eusits restrains, 

 Ovula spclta, and Dcntaliuni entalis, a Boreal species ; the bivalve So/en 

 crisis ; the sea-urchin Schizaster canaliferus ; the star-fishes, Asteriscus 

 vcmtcitlatits, AsteracantJiion glacialis, Alccto mediterratica ; and the cucumbers 

 Holothuria tubulosa and Citcuniaria doliolum. 



The Polyps Gorgonia verrucosa and G. Bertoloni rise amid the Cysto- 

 seira and Sargassum in the form of shrubs, whose withered branches are 

 often entirely covered with the cherry-red-coloured Sympodium coralloides. 

 These, again, are varied by Tubularia larynx, T. ramosa, Lepralia tetragona, 

 and Eilograna inplexa, which either grow amongst the tangles, or are inter- 

 woven with, or cling to, their branches. 



More numerous than elsewhere appear the snails Doris ccrrulca, of a 

 beautiful violet tint, sEolis Bcllardii, Plcurobranchus species, and Tylodiua 

 citrina, a species of a sulphur-yellow colour. 



Clean gravel and coarse sand harbour most of the foregoing species, but 

 in fewer numbers. The most characteristic form of this locality is Venus 

 verrucosa, both as regards abundance and development. The bivalve 

 Tellina donacina has a wide horizontal extension, and it is found here in 

 the company of a quantity of Annellides, especially Borlasia species, Meckelia 

 annulata, besides a beautiful green Phyllodoce. 



On clay-bed covered with scattered Dictyomenia, the number of groups 



1 See "Em Ausflug nach Trieste," &c, by Dr. A. E. Grube, p. 61. Berlin. 



D 2 



