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semi-civcular Volcanic belt extends from New Zealand 

 through the Friendly Islands, the Society, the Sandwich 

 and New Hebrides and joins the Volcanic belt passing 

 through the East Indian Islands between Borneo and 

 New Guinea. Indeed, if we mark down the Volcanoes 

 of the Earth in a Physical map of the World we will 

 find that a Line of Volcanoes stretches alqng the "West- 

 ear margin of the American Continent where we meet 

 the active Cotopaxi (18,877 feet). From the northern 

 extremity of America the line stretches through the 

 Aleutian Isles, Japan and to the Malay Archipelago, in 

 Java where volcanoes abound and which was the scene 

 of the recent terrific eruption of Krakatau (Aug. 1883) ; 

 from the Malay Archipelago the line stretches eastward 

 into the Western Pacific through the Islands above 

 mentioned and to N.Z., and we might trace it down to 

 Tasmania where extinct volcanoes exist. To the westward 

 we meet with a gap and find the line running through 

 the centre of Asia by way of tlic Red Sea and the 

 Mediterranean up to Iceland where we meet the won- 

 derful " Geysers,^^ and down to the Azores, thence across 

 the Atlantic to the West Indies, Mexico and Central 

 America ; even in the cold regions of the South Pole 

 (S. Victoria Land, Mt. Erebus and Terror) as well as in 

 the Arctic Circle ( Jan Mayen Island ) we meet with 

 active or extinct craters. — There are, says Dr. Geikie, 

 very few large traces of area of land on the Earth^s 

 surface free from volcanic action were we to mark down 

 the spots of dormant or extinct as well as active craters. 



