522 Mr. P. L. Scluter on the Geographical 



influence has been brought to bear upon the Iccal Ornitho- 

 logy of the whole of Central Europe by the institution of the 

 International Ornithological Committee established in 1884, 

 and the publication of its organ ' Ornis' (12), commenced in 

 1885 and carried on with unfailing regularity. 



In Italy two well-known Ornithologists have devoted them- 

 selves to the task of summarizing the present state of our 

 knowledge of Italian Ornithology. Count Salvadori, inspired 

 by the ' List of British Birds ' of the British Ornithologists' 

 Union, published in 1886 his 'Elenco degli Uccelli Italiani' 

 (13). More recently Prof. Giglioli has issued his ' Avifauna 

 Italica' (14), which contains a large amount of varied in- 

 formation upon the same subject. 



In Russia, as may be naturally expected, matters have not 

 yet advanced quite so far. We have as yet no available 

 manual of the Ornithology of European Russia. But we have 

 had several valuable works recently published on the avi- 

 fauna of various parts of it, amongst which I may specially 

 mention Dr. Gustav Radde^s ' Ornis Caucasica' (15) and Herr 

 Th. Pleske's excellent memoir on the birds of the Kola 

 Peninsula (16). I may also call attention to the same 

 author's ' Ornithographia Rossica' (16«), of which three 

 numbers have already appeared. The somewhat ambitious 

 programme of this work is to give an account of the birds 

 of the whole Russian Empire, so that when finished it will 

 form a most valuable addition to our knowledge of Palse- 

 arctic Ornithology. 



In Scandinavia there has been no very recent general work 

 upon the birds published, although many papers and memoirs 

 have been written upon various portions of the subject. But 

 it is understood that the well-known zoologist of Christiania, 

 Prof. Collett, has for many years been working hard upon 

 the birds of Norway, and we may trust that before long he 

 will bring his labours to a conclusion. 



In concluding our review of recent progress in European 

 Ornithology, we may remark that South-western and South- 

 eastern Europe (by which we mean Si)ain, Portugal, Bulgaria, 

 (jrreece, and Turkey) have been lately of much use as liai)i)y 



