622 Recently published Ornithological JVorks. 



national Ornithological Congress (above, p. 479) we have 

 already alluded to the delivery of Dr. Sharpens address on 

 the Classification of Birds^ of which the author favoured us 

 with an early copy. This we have read with great interest, 

 and do not doubt that all ornithologists will agree with us in 

 fully appreciating the clear exposition of the views of recent 

 systematists which it sets before us. Dr. Sharpe divides our 

 progress in the classification of birds into three epochs — the 

 Linnean (1735-1800), the Cuvierian (1800-1860), and the 

 Darwinian. He confines his account of modern classifications 

 to the last period, because up to that date Professor Newton's 

 well-known article in the ^Encyclopaedia Britannica' has 

 already fully gone into the subject, and cannot, in Dr. Sharpens 

 opinion, be improved upon. 



Beginning, therefore, with Huxley's celebrated scheme of 

 classification promulgated in 1867, Dr. Sharpe discusses that 

 and the systems put forward by Garrod (1874), Forbes (1884), 

 the Editor of this Journal (1880), Newton (1884), Beichenow 

 (1882), Coues (1884), Stejneger (1885), Fiirbringer (1888), 

 and Seebohm (1890), introducing allusions to other autho- 

 rities who have devoted themselves to certain portions of the 

 same subject. He then proceeds with his own views on the 

 classification of Birds, and, after a preliminary discussion, 

 gives us a list of the 34 Orders and 78 Suborders into which 

 he proposes to divide them, commencing with the Saururse 

 and ending with the Passeriformes. Three Subclasses are 

 primarily recognized — Saururfe, Ratitae, and Carinatse. Short 

 accounts of the leading characters of the divisions of the 

 Carinatse are added in footnotes, and a series of plates illus- 

 trates the phylogeny. With the aid of these and the ex- 

 planatory letterpress, the author's present views as to the 

 " Systema Avium " may be readily understood. 



112. Thompson on the Birds of Manitoba. 



[The Birds of Manitoba. By Ernest E. Thompson, of Toronto, Canada. 

 Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xiii. pp. 457-643.] 



From personal experience during three years spent in the 

 province, and with the aid of some observant fellow-workers. 



