SALAMANDRA, 193 



arranged in a single close-set row along the upper and lower margins 

 of the mouth, and extending far back upon the roof of the mouth 

 in a single row along the outer margins of each vomer : these vomerine 

 teeth are extremely minute, (PI. 62, fig. 9). 



Most of the North American newts have a fourth locality for 

 teeth, which reminds us of a peculiarity of the dental system of some 

 of the highly organized Clupeoid fishes of the South American rivers, 

 viz: upon the under surface of the sphenoid bone(l) : there are four 

 series of these sphenoid teeth in the sub-genus Pseudotriton ; and 

 in the Salamandra glutinosa oi Maclure, {Plethodon, Tschudi), they 

 are aggregated, ' en brosse,' to the number of three hundred and up- 

 wards, upon both the basi-sphenoid and basi-occipital bones (PL 62, 

 fig. 12, e) : there is a single row, set nearly transversely across the 

 posterior margin of each vomer c, and the marginal teeth of the mouth 

 of which the intermaxillary ones are shown at a and the maxillaries 

 at b, are arranged as usual in a single row both above and below. 



85. Salamandra. — In the land salamanders, {Salamandra, Laur.) 

 the teeth are proportionally larger than in the newts : there are about 

 sixty in each lateral series of both upper and lower jaws ; and forty 

 teeth, forming a sigmoid row on each side of the palate, in the Sala- 

 mandra maculata. 



86. Rana.— The frogs have no teeth on the lower jaw, but in some 

 species the alveolar edge of this bone is finely notched or dentated, as 

 in the horned frogs, [Ceratophrys) . The intermaxillary and max- 

 illary bones, support a long, close-set, single series of small, 

 conical, hollow teeth of which the apices only project beyond the 

 external alveolar ridge to which they are attached. A short trans- 

 verse row of similar but smaller teeth extends along the posterior 

 border of each vomer, except in the slender-armed frogs {Leptohra- 

 chium) and in some of the tree frogs, as the Euchnemis, in which the 

 roof of the mouth is edentulous. The teeth are relatively most deve- 

 loped in the Ceratophrys : they are anchylosed by their basis, and outer 



has added further details respecting the dental system of this interesting Batracholite, which 

 prove its close alliance with the Salamandroid genera cited in the text. See his Classification 

 der Batrachier, 4to. 1838. 



(I) M. Tschudi,!. c. p. 11. 



O 



