ANOPLOTHERE. 525 



and sub-dividing each lobe with a bend convex inwards : but the 

 pecuHar characteristic of the Anoplotherian upper molar is the large 

 conical tubercle (p) at the wide entry of the first valley. The outer 

 side of the crown is impressed by two concavities, produced into 

 points upon the grinding surface : these points are first worn by 

 attrition ; a double crescentic tract of dentine (p d &^ i d) is next 

 exposed in each primary lobe, with a detached island upon the 

 summit of the internal cone ; this, from the minor depth of the 

 valley at the fore part of its base, is finally blended with the 

 anterior lobe, on which the crescentic enamel-fold (e) becomes first 

 obliterated, as in fig. 2, m 1 : thus the Ruminant pattern of the 

 grinding surface is reduced to that which we shall afterwards find 

 to characterize, with minor modifications, the upper molars of most 

 anisodactyle Pachyderms. The three principal stages of attrition 

 of the Anoplotherian molars are well shewn in the fossil upper jaw 

 of the An. commune from the Montmartre gypsum, figured by Cuvier 

 in the ' Ossemens Fossiles' 4to. 1812, tom. iii., Supplement PI. 8, 

 fig. 2. The incisors and canines are severally implanted by a single 

 fang ; the first premolar by two fangs ; the rest by three, two 

 external and one internal ; the true molars by four fangs. 



In the lower jaw the first premolar is implanted by two 

 connate fangs ; the second to the penultimate molar inclusive by 

 two fangs ; the last molar by three fangs, the second and third 

 being connate. The mid-incisor of the lower jaw is small, with a 

 convex or flat border : the second and third have triangular crowns 

 progressively increasing in size : the canine is a little larger, with 

 the crown rather more pointed, and the hinder basal lobe and 

 the two depressions on the inner side of the crown better marked. (1) 

 The first premolar (PI. 135, fig. 3, p 1) scarcely differs from the 

 canine save by a slight increase of size. The rest (p 2, p 3, p 4) 

 are divided into two lobes by an external vertical depression, each 

 lobe being convex externally, and penetrated internally by a valley 

 deepest at its termination, the posterior lobe having also a second 



(1) The difference is so slight that Cuvier described the canines of the Anoplothere as 

 incisors, in his original Memoir, in the ' Annales du Museum,' tom. iii. pp. 374, 376, and 

 before later specimens had demonstrated the extent of the intermaxillary bone. 



