WART HOGS. 549 



197. Phacoch<srus.{l). — The rate of increase of size from the first 

 to the third true molar (PI. 141, fig. 2) is carried to its maximum in 

 the Phacocheres or Wart Hogs of Africa, and the folds of the capsule 

 producing the multicuspid grinding surface here attain a depth, 

 number, cylindrical figure, and regularity of arrangement, which 

 produce so peculiar a modification of the structure of the molar 

 teeth, as, with other and minor differences, to justify the sub- 

 generic separation of those large and formidable Hogs from the 

 rest of the 8uidce.(^2) 



The Wart Hog of Nubia, Abyssinia and Kordofan {Phaco- 

 chcsrus Juliana, Ruppell)(3) has the incisors reduced to, two in the 

 upper jaw, corresponding with the median pair in other Hogs ; a 

 single short, thick, and inwardly curved incisor being inserted near 

 the end of each intermaxillary bone : the margin of the unworn 

 crown of this incisor in the young animal is divided into three 

 equal tubercles by two notches, which are soon obliterated : they 

 are larger in the males than in the females, according to Riippell, 

 (loc. cit. p. 62). The upper tusks are longer and larger than 

 the lower ones and curve outwards, upwards and backwards : they 



first being two-thirds the size of the last, whilst in the Babiroussa it is less than half. 

 The last molar in the fossil has the anterior transverse ridge proportionally larger and the 

 posterior lobe proportionally smaller than in the Babiroussa, resembhng the Lophiodon in 

 the points in which it thus differs from the Sus cited. The form of the jaw differs at this 

 part of the fossil from that in the Babiroussa, in which the socket of the last molar over- 

 hangs the inner surface of the ramus, whilst in the fossil the inner surface of the ramus 

 beneath the last molar describes a gentle convexity from the tooth to the lower margin. 

 The outer part of the ramus of the jaw of the Babiroussa begins to expand below the 

 fourth and fifth molars, counting forwards from the last, to form the socket of the large 

 tusk, but the fossil jaw does not offer the least indication of an enlargement for that 

 purpose, and the fractured anterior end, as displayed in the cast, is very different in 

 shape from the corresponding part of the jaw in the Babiroussa, and shows merely the 

 dental canal and no socket for the tusk which would be here situated in the Babiroussa 

 or Wild Boar. The nearest approximation which the fossil in question allows to be made 

 to any known existing or extinct animal is to the great tapiroid Pachyderms. 



(1) ifuKoQ a Wart, x^^lpos a Hog. 



(2) M. F. Cuvier says, "Nous voici arrives a un systeme de dentition tout-a-fait 

 different de celui des sangliers." Dents de Mammiferes, p. 213; but this is rather too 

 strong an expression. 



(3) 'Atlas zu der Reise im NordUchen Afrika,' fol. 1826, Erste Abth. p. 6l, fig. 25 

 & 26. The • Sanglier du Cap Verd.' of ' Buffon,' (t. xiv., p. 409), is of this species. 



