552 ' UNGULATES. 



Wild Boar, but less obliquely abraded. Tbe two small lateral 

 incisors are more incurved towards the intermediate ones. The 

 incisors are disposed more nearly in a transverse line on the 

 broad expanded symphysis of the Phacochere than in the narrower 

 jaw of the Hog. The lower canines are more slender, more 

 divergent, and sharper than in the Wild Boar; but otherwise 

 resemble them in their trihedral shape and in the partial dis- 

 position of the enamel, and its continuation into the alveolus. I 

 have seen but one premolar tooth on each side of this jaw, with 

 a crown reduced by attrition to one anterior and two posterior 

 lobes, five lines in long diameter. In one specimen the stump of 

 the first true molar remained, wedged in between the last premolar 

 and the second true molar ; in another a short vacancy showed 

 the place whence the first true molar had been expelled : the 

 second and third molars resemble those above, but are rather 

 narrower transversely. The crown of the first true molar, 

 examined at a period before its characteristic structure is 

 obliterated, as in the young Phacochere before the second true 

 molar has cut the gum, has the same complex pattern as that 

 above ; and measures nine lines by three lines, on the grinding 

 surface : it is supported by four fangs, the hind pair being very 

 long and strong. (1) The last molar in this jaw has the same 



(1) The first true molar tooth, in both jaws of the Phacochmrus ^liani appears to 

 have escaped the attention of MM. F. Cuvier and Riippell. M. F. Cuvier in his 

 Monograph on the two species of Phacochere in the 'Memoires du Museum' tom. viii. 

 1822, p. 450, represents a skull of the Nubian species with the last upper molar only in 

 place: and in the 'Dents de Mammiferes, p. 213, he assigns but three molars to each 

 side of the upper jaw in both species, which teeth appear from his description to be the 

 two premolars and the last true molar. The figure of the teeth of the upper jaw, in 

 PI. 87 of the * Dents de Mammiferes, is taken from the South African Wart Hog {Pha- 

 cochcerus Pallasii, v. der Hoeven.) Dr. Riippell's elaborate Monograph relates exclusively to 

 the Nubian or North African Phacochere. He says, " In all our specimens of both young 

 and adults, and of both sexes, the upper jaw has four, the under jaw three molars : the 

 first and second are small, narrow, roundish, Avith simple crowns, and each implanted by 

 two roots in two separate sockets : the third (in the upper jaw ; second in the lower) is 

 strong (stark) 'and as broad as the fourth; its grinding surface has five simple crowns' 

 ('kronen-kerne', our enamel-islands) 'four at the angles and one in the middle: it has 

 four roots wedged into fonr separate sockets.' " Then follows the description of the complex 

 last molar tooth, the fourth in the upper, the third in the lower jaw. The smaller rooted 

 teeth above described are the two premolars, and the second true molar in the upper jaw; 



