636 UNGULATES. 



The phenomena of the course and changes of the dentition 

 of the extinct Elephas primigenius are closely analogous to those 

 of the existing species of India. The first small molar having 

 the same comparatively simple, four-plated, crown, with two long 

 fangs, (1) was interpreted as evidence of a new genus of Pachy- 

 derms, when first discovered in a mutilated state. (2) The second 

 molar, eight-plated, is three inches in length and one inch and 

 a half in breadth :(3) and already indicates the specific diflference 

 of the Elephas primigenius, in the superior breadth of the molars. The 

 third upper molar has from twelve to fourteen plates, measures three 

 inches and a half in length, and one inch two-thirds in breadth. 

 The fourth molar is subject to more variety, and presents, as in 

 the existing Elephant, a sudden increase of size, but seems to 

 have been subject to a greater range of variation in regard to 

 the number and proportions of its coronal lamellae : these I have 

 estimated at from twelve to sixteen ; the greater number being 

 usually in the lower molar; its length at from six and a half to 

 nine inches, and its breadth at three and a half inches in the 

 upper and three inches in the lower jaw. The fifth molar, with 

 an antero-posterior diameter of from eight to eleven inches, has 

 from sixteen to twenty-four plates. (4) 



The largest upper molar of the Mammoth which I have yet 

 seen, measured fifteen inches in length and had twenty-two 

 coronal plates : it was discovered in the drift at Wellsborne in 

 Warwickshire. Mammoths' molars of less dimensions have had 

 the crown divided into twenty-five and twenty-six transverse 

 plates. 



The largest lower molar of a Mammoth that has come under 

 my observation, is the one figured in PI. 148, fig. 5, its length, 



(1) Hist, of British Fossil Mammalia, Part. V, p. 223. 



(2) Kaup, Akten der Urwelt, 8vo. 1841, p. 11, tab. iv, Cymatotherium antiquum. M. de 

 Blainville hints a suspicion of its true nature, loc. cit. p. 190. The Mammoth's molar from the 

 drift at Fouvent, figured by Cuvier in the ' Ossemens Fossiles,' vol. i. pi. vi. fig. 2, as " une 

 vraie molaire de lait," is a much worn and naturally shed second molar : the figure is half the 

 natural size. 



(3) Hist. Brit. Foss. Mam. p. 224. fig, 87. 



(4) See the fifth upper molar of a Mammoth, with twenty-four plates in ' Hist. Brit. Foss. 

 Mamm.' p. 336. figs. 91 & 92. 



