402 Mr. II. Seebohm— Notes on 



Scotland that its occurrence in that country is recorded as 

 a remarkable event, whilst the Marsh Tit is only known in 

 Ireland in that half of the country which lies nearest to 

 Scotland. 



The Stock Dove (Columba cenas) is another case in point. 

 It is absolutely unknown in the south and west of Ireland, 

 but occurs sparingly in the counties nearest to Scotland. 



The Tawny Owl {Syrnium aluco)'\s common in England, but 

 is said only recently to have become so in Scotland, so 

 recently, indeed, that it has not yet reached Ireland. On the 

 other hand, the Barn Owl {Strix flammed) and the Long- 

 eared Owl {Asio otus) are equally common in the three 

 kingdoms. 



The relative distribution of the Carrion Crow (Corvus 

 cor one) and the Hooded Crow {Corvus comix) is slightly 

 exceptional. The latter species is scarcely known as a 

 breeding-species in continental Europe west of the valley of 

 the Elbe. Hence we may reasonably assume that the British 

 Islands received their Hooded Crows from Scandinavia, 

 whence they have established themselves as common residents 

 in Scotland and Ireland, but not to any extent in England. 

 The Carrion Crow, on the other hand, arrived from the south, 

 and has spread over England and Scotland, but is almost 

 unknown in Ireland. 



The Green Woodpecker (Gecinus viridis) has a very re- 

 stricted range. It is not known to have occurred outside 

 Europe, and though it is so common in England it can only 

 be regarded as a rare accidental visitor to Ireland and Scot- 

 land. The Little Spotted Woodpecker {Dendrocopus minor) 

 and the Great Spotted Woodpecker {Dendrocopus major), on 

 the other hand, have very wide ranges, extending across 

 Europe to Japan. They are both common, if local, in 

 England, but very rare in Scotland and Ireland. 



The Hawfinch (Coccothraustes vulgaris) and the Cirl Bunt- 

 ing {Kmberiza cirlus) are also common, if local, in England, 

 but almost unknown in Scotland and Ireland. 



Hitherto we have spoken only of resident birds, but some- 

 what similar conclusions mav be arrived at by the considera- 



