326 Mr. P. L. Sclater on the Kmperor Penguin. 



1774-75, during his second voyage, (2) by our Antarctic 

 Expedition in 1840-43, and (3) by the U.S. Exploring Expe- 

 dition under Commodore Wilkes, in 1840. 



Whether any speeimenvS of the Emperor Penguin were 

 brought home from Cook's second voyage I have not been 

 able to ascertain ; but a coloured drawing w^as made, which is 

 now in the unpublished volume commonly called "^ Forster's 

 Icones ineditse," in the British Museum. This drawing was 

 reproduced by J. F. Miller in his ' Various Subjects of Natural 

 History' (London, 1778), in the second edition of the same 

 work, in which the letterpress was written by Shaw (Miller's 

 '(Jiinelia Physica/ London, 179G), and by J. R. Forster, in 

 his well-known article, " Historia Aptenodytse," published in 

 the 'Comment. Soc. Reg. Gottingcnsis,' in 1781. 



LTnfortunately, Forster united this Penguin to the '' King 

 Penguin," which had been previously described by Pen- 

 nant as the "Patagoniaii Penguin" (Phil. Trans. Iviii. 

 p. 91), and called it Apienodijtes patachoiiica. It remained 

 thus confounded with its allied form until 1844, when the 

 examination of the specimens brought home by our Ant- 

 arctic Expedition enabled G. R. Gray to point out conclu- 

 sively the differences between them (Ann. Nat. Hist. xiii. 

 p. 315). Giay very sensibly remarked that the name " j^ata- 

 chonica," having been applied to two species, had become no 

 longer of any value as a specific term, and proposed to call 

 the present bird Aptenudyies forsteri, and the smaller species 

 (commonly called the "King Penguin") Aptenodytes pennanti. 

 Several modern authors, however, under the influence of 

 the craze for " priority," have chosen rather to call the 

 Emperor Penguin Aptenodytes patac/wnica*, which, as the 

 bird has never been found in or near Patagonia, is not main- 

 tainable, even under the most stringent view of the laws of 

 the Stricklandian code. 



The principal synonymy of this Pengviiu is as follows, so 

 far as I am acquainted with it : — 



* Cones, Pr. Acad. Nat. Sc. Phil. 1872, p. 192; Schlegel, Mus. d. 

 P.-B,, Urinatores, p. .'> ; and SLarpe, Zool. Erebus & Terror, Suppl., 

 Birds, p. .'J3. 



