Birds of the Philipjmie Islands. 109 



given, for the three female examples of which the measure- 

 ments are given above are the same size as Himalayan 

 examples. I feel confident also that liume is mistaken in 

 stating that the true A. virgatus occurs in the Himalayas 

 as well as A. affinis (which he calls A. gularis) ; the male 

 from Darjeeling, with a wing-measurement of 6*9 inches, of 

 course belongs to the large race. 



Accipiter manillensis is also, I think, subspecifically 

 distinct from typical A. virgatus, and Mr. Whitehead 

 having, in addition to the Museum series, now obtained 

 three adult females, we have a fair number of skins for 

 comparison. 



Adult female. Differs from the female of A. virgatus in 

 having the chest, breast, and sides nearly uniform light red 

 in the most adult birds, while in somewhat younger examples 

 the middle of the breast shows distinct cross-bars of reddish 

 brown and white ; the under surface on the quills washed 

 with rufous. 



Wing 6-9-7-0 inches, tail 5-4-5-5, tarsus 2-05-2-1. 

 Adult male. Like the male of A. virgatus. 

 Wing 6-0-6-1 inches, tail 4-8-4-9, tarsus 2-0. 

 Adult examples of the typical A. virgatus are comparatively 

 poorly represented in the Museum collection, and without 

 more material it is impossible to form definite conclusions as 

 to the relationship between the birds from Southern India, 

 Ceylon, the Andaman Islands, Java, and the Philippines. 

 An adult female from the Andamans closely approaches 

 A. manillensis, having a great deal of uniform rufous colouring 

 on the sides of the chest and breast. This bird measures : — 

 Wing 7"2 inches, tail 5*7, tarsus 2*0. 



It may be that A. manillensis is not even subspecifically 

 distinct from typical A. virgatus. 



The smallest representative form of this group, charac- 

 terized by the wide black throat-stripe, \& Accipiter rufotibialis, 

 Sharpe, from Kina Balu, North Borneo, distinguished by its 

 uniform rufous-chestnut tarsi. 



Wing 5"85-59 inches, tail 4'5-4*6, tarsus TS. 



