observed in Russian Lapland. 209 



main stem; but one or two were found in juniper bushes, 

 12 to 18 inches above the ground ; they are beautifully con- 

 structed to imitate the colouring of the birch-bark, and are 

 among the prettiest of the northern nests. 



12. Calcarius lapponicus. Lapland Bunting. 

 Somewhat scarce ; one male shot, and several birds seen 



and heard. 



13. CoRVUs coRAX. Raven. 



Several seen. They were generally on the shores of the 

 river near our camp. 



14. Otocorys alpestris. Shore-Lark. 



Fairly numerous, but we only secured one nest (four eggs) 

 in this district. It was on an islet in Lake Ukanskoe, about 

 10 feet above the water and 80 yards from it, on sandy 

 ground covered w ith grass. 



-^15. Archibuteo lagopus. Rough-legged Buzzard. 



We found nine nests of the year : two empty, but the 

 birds about ; six with eggs (four, four, one, two, two, two 

 respectively), in various stages of incubation (up to the 

 point when the chicks were putting their beaks through the 

 shell and calling distinctly, if not loudly, for their mothers !); 

 and one with young. The position of the nests varied 

 very much ; two or three were inaccessible without a rope, 

 one was on the outer edge of a large mass of rock, and 

 we w^alked to it over practically level ground, while one 

 or tw^o others w^ere on the tops of ^^ perched " boulders 

 and almost as easy of access. Evidently the Buzzard is not 

 much disturbed in this country ! The nest is very easily 

 found, as one hears the cat-like call of the old birds in 

 the air almost before seeing them, and their behaviour soon 

 indicates the approximate position of the nest. Some of the 

 eggs taken were richly marked. 



- 16. HiEROFALco GYRFALco. Gyr Falcou. 



We found a nest of this species containing young, in a 

 deep ravine, placed halfway up the cliff on a part that was 

 rather undercut or recessed, making it difficult of access, even 



